The Human Body Flashcards
(213 cards)
1
Q
abdomin
A
the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion; located below diaphragm above the
2
Q
Acetabulum
A
the depression on lateral pelvis where it’s three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly
3
Q
Adam’s apple or thyroid cartilage
A
firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx. Is more prominent in men than women
4
Q
adenosine triphosphate ATP
A
nucleotide involved in energy metabolism ; used to store energy
5
Q
adrenal glands
A
endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system
6
Q
adrenergic
A
pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter nurofen a friend, or noradrenaline
7
Q
aerobic metabolism
A
metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen
8
Q
agonal gasps
A
abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest
9
Q
Alpha adrenergic receptors
A
portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels
10
Q
alveoli
A
the air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place
11
Q
anaerobic metabolism
A
metabolism that takes place in absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid
12
Q
anatomic position
A
position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with Palms of the hands forward
13
Q
aorta
A
the main artery leaving the left side of the heart and caring freshly oxygenated blood to the body
14
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
the portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
15
Q
appendix
A
hey small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum of the abdominal
16
Q
arterioles
A
the smallest branches of the arteries leading in the vast network of capillaries
17
Q
articular cartilage
A
paperly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in the synovial joints
18
Q
atrium
A
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
19
Q
autonomic nervous system
A
the part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily
20
Q
axial skeleton
A
the part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage
21
Q
ball and socket joint
A
a joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending
22
Q
beta adrenergic receptors
A
portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increase heart rate, and bronchial dilation
23
Q
biceps
A
the large muscle that covers a front of the humerus
24
Q
bile ducts
A
the ducks that can Vibe I’ll between the liver and the intestine
25
blood pressure
the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them
26
brachial artery
the major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm
27
brain
controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control reactions to the environment, emotional response, and judgment
28
brain stem
area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration
29
capillary vessels
the tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes between body tissue and blood
30
cardiac muscle
the heart muscle
31
cardiac output Co
a measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
32
carotid artery
the major artery that supplies Blood to the Head and brain
33
cartilage
the smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure the skeletal system and provides cushion between bones; also forms and nasal septum and portions of the outer ear
34
cecum
the first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens
35
central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
36
cerebellum
one of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements
37
cerebrospinal fluid CSF
fluid production in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes in the meninges
38
cerebrum
the largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions and personality
39
cervical spine
the portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck
40
chordae tendineae
then bands of fibrous tissues that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting
41
chyme
the substance that leaves the stomach. eaten Foods and stomach facets
42
circulatory system
the complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, the moves blood, oxygen nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular wastes throughout the body
43
clavicle
the collarbon; is lateral to the sternum anterior to the scapula
44
Coccyx
the last three or four vertebrae of the spine tailbone
45
Coronel plane
an imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts
46
cranium
area of the head above the ears and eyes the skull the cranium contains the brain
47
cricoid cartilage
a firm Ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx
48
cricothyroid membrane
a thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that makes up the larynx
49
Dead Space
any portion of the airway that does not contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as trachea and bronchi
50
dermis
the inner layer of skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels
51
diaphragm
a muscular Dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. contraction of this brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to expel from the lungs.
52
diastole
the relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially after the ventricles
53
diffusion
movement of gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
54
digestion
the process of food that nourishes the individual soul the body
55
dorsalis pedis artery
the artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals
56
endocrine system
the complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.
57
enzymes
substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
58
epidermis
the outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body
59
epiglottis
Ethan, leave shape valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents Food and liquid from entering
60
epinephrine
Adrenaline produced by The General medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system
61
esophagus
a collapsible to that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions Propel food and liquids through it to the stomach
62
expiratory Reserve volume
the amount of air that can be expelled from a normal exhalation
63
extension
the straightening of a joint
64
fallopian tubes
long, slender tubes that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side and through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the uterus
65
femoral artery
the major artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. IT Supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and lakes. It can be palpated in the groin area
66
femoral head
the proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
67
femur
the thigh bone
68
flexion
the bending of a joint
69
foramen magnum
a large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
70
frontal bone
portion of the cranium that forms the forehead
71
gallbladder
a sack on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct
72
genital system
reproductive system in men and women
73
germinal layer
the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed
74
greater trochanter
bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint
75
hair follicles
the small organs that produce hair
76
heart
a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body
77
heart rate
number of heartbeats during a specific time usually 1 minute
78
hinge joint
George that convened in straighten but cannot rotate
79
hormones
substances formed in specialized Oregon's or glands and carry to another Oregon or group of cells in the same organism; regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth and body temperature
80
humorous
supporting bone of the upper arm
81
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure of water against the walls of its container
82
hypoxic Drive
a backup system to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen levels in the blood
83
Ilium
one of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
84
inferior vena cava
one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs to the heart.
85
inspiratory Reserve volume
the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to normal tidal volume
86
interstitial space
the space in between the cells
87
involuntary muscle
muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulated systems of the body
88
ischium
one of three bones that fuse from the public ring
89
joint (articulation)
place where two bones come into contact
90
kidneys
2 retroperitoneal organs xr8 the end products of metabolisms that urine and regulate the body salt and water content
91
labored breathing
use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired
92
lactic acid
metallic by product of the breakdown of glucose accumulates when metabolism precedes in absence of oxygen ( anaerobic metabolism)
93
large intestine
the portion of the digestive to that in circles you have Dom and round the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. helps regulate water balance and eliminate Solid Waste
94
lesser trochanter
projection on the medial Superior portion of the femur
95
ligament
a band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to Bone. It supports and strengthens of joints
96
liver
a large, solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm ; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses.
97
lumbar spine
the lower part of the back, formed by the lowest 5 nonfused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine
98
Lymph
Heath Inn, straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be exerted
99
lymph nodes
tiny, oval shaped structures located in various places along the lymph vessels filter lymph
100
mandible
the bone of the lower jaw
101
manubrium
the upper corner of the sternum
102
maxillae
the upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth
103
medulla oblongata
nerve tissue that is continuous and fear of the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracks; coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
104
metabolism (cellular respiration)
the biochemical process that results in production of energy from nutrients within cells
105
midbrain
the part of the brain that is responsible for helping the to regulate the level of consciousness
106
midsagittal plane (midline)
imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and umbilicus(navel) to the floor, dividing the body into equal left and right halves.
107
minute volume (minute ventilation)
the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the title volume of respiratory rate
108
motor nerves
nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body
109
mucous membrane
lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly indirectly with the environment outside the body
110
mucus
the watery secretion of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body open
111
musculoskeletal system
the bones and voluntary muscles of the body
112
myocardium
the heart muscle
113
nasopharynx
the part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or palate.
114
nervous system
the system that controls virtually all activities of the body both voluntary and involuntary
115
norepinephrine
can you transmitter and Drug sometimes used in treatment of shock; produces vasoconstriction through its Alpha stimulator properties
116
occiput
the most posterior portion of the cranium
117
oncotic pressure
the pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as a result of the presence of plasma protein
118
Orbit
the eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma
119
oropharynx
a tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea
120
ovaries
female glands that produce sex hormones and ova (eggs)
121
pancreas
a flat, solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; is a major source of digestive enzyme and produces the hormone insulin
122
parasympathetic nervous system
a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions, immediately large by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.
123
palatial bones
the bones that lie between the temporal and occipital region of the cranium
124
patella
the kneecap
125
pathophysiology
the study of how normal physiology processes affected by disease
126
perfusion
the circulation of oxygenated blood within and Oregon or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs
127
peripheral nervous system pns
the part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. these may be sensory nerves, motor nerves, or connecting nerves
128
peristalsis
the wave-like contraction of smooth muscles by which the ureters or other typical organs Propel their contents
129
plasma
a sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transport cells waste material to organs of exertion
130
platelets
tiny, this shape elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essentially in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding
131
Pleura
the serious membrane covering the lungs and lining the thorax, completely enclosing a potential space known as a pleural space
132
pleural space
the potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura;
133
pons
an organ that lies between the midbrain and above the medulla and contains numerous important nerve fiber, including those for Sleep, respiration, and the medullary respiration Center
134
posterior tibial artery
the artery just behind the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot
135
prostate glands
a small gland that surrounds the male urethra where emergence from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid
136
pubic symphysis
a hard, bony, and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline and the lowermost portion of abdomin with a two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion
137
pubis
one of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
138
pulmonary artery
the major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; carries oxygen poor blood
139
pulmonary circulation (lesser circulation)
the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all the branches in capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins
140
pulmonary veins
the four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
141
pulse
the way of of pressure created as a heart contracts and forces Blood Out the left ventricle and into the major arteries
142
radial artery
major artery in the forearm; palpable at the wrist on the thumb side
143
radius
the bone on the thumb side of the forearm
144
rectum
the lowermost end of the colon
145
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
so they carry oxygen to the body's tissue
146
renal pelvis
hey Khan shaped area that collects urine from the kidneys and funnels it through the ureter into the bladder
147
residual volume
the air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
148
respiration
the inhaling and exhaling of air; exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air
149
respiration compromise
the inability of the body to move gas effectively
150
respiratory system
all the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower Airways and their component parts
151
reticular activity system
located in the upper brain stem. responsible for maintenance of Consciousness, specifically ones level of arousal
152
retroperitoneal
behind the abdominal cavity
153
sacroiliac joint
the connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column
154
sacrum
one of three bones that make up the pelvic ring. Sacrum and two pelvic bones
155
sagittal (lateral) plane
an imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts
156
salivary glands
the glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist
157
scalp
the thick skin covering the cranium, which usually Bears hair
158
scapula
shoulder blade
159
sebaceous glands
glands that produce an oily substance called 7, which discharged along the shaft of the hairs
160
semen
fluid ejaculation from the penis and containing sperm
161
seminal vessels
storage sacks for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate
162
sensory nerve
the nerves that carry Sensational such as touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system
163
shock
an abnormal State associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells of the body, also known as hyperperfusion
164
shoulder girdle
the proximal portion of the upper extremities, made up with a clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus
165
skeletal muscle
muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint ; straited, or voluntary, muscle
166
skeleton
the framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the volume protect the vital organs.
167
small intestine
the portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
168
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
169
somatic nervous system
the part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control
170
sphincters
muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. examples found within the rectum, bladder, blood vessels
171
sphygmomanomrter
device used to measure blood pressure
172
spinal cord
extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Lies inside and it protects Itself by the spinal canal
173
sternum
the breastbone
174
stratum corneum layer
the outmost or dead layer of the skin
175
stroke volume SV
volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricle contraction
176
subconscious tissue
tissues, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body
177
superior vena cava
one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck and chest Into the Heart
178
sweat glands
glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin
179
symphysis
a type of joint that has grown together to form a very stable connection
180
synovial fluid
the smallest amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication
181
synovial membrane
the lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space
182
systemic circulation
portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs
183
systemic vascular resistance svr
the resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels
184
systole
the contraction, or. Of contraction, of the heart, especially that of The ventricle
185
temporal bones
lateral Bones on each side of the cranium. the temples
186
Tendance
fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
187
testicle
male genital gland that contain specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm
188
thoracic cage
chest or rib cage
189
thoracic spine
the 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumber vertebrae. One pair of the ribs attached to each of these vertebrae
190
thorax
the chest cavity that contains the heart, lung, stopping us, and great vessels
191
thyroid cartilage (Adams apple)
a firm prominence of cartilage that forms upper part of the larynx
192
tibia
the shin bone. larger of the two bones of the lower leg
193
tidal volume
amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath. About 500 mL for an adult
194
typographic Anatomy
superficial landmarks of the body that serves as guides to the structures that lie beneath them
195
trachea
the windpipe. main trunk for air passing to and from lungs
196
transverse (axial) plane
an imaginary line where the body is divided into top and bottom parts
197
triceps
the muscle in the back of the upper arm
198
Tunica Media
midline and thickest layer of tissue of hey blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue
199
ulna
inner bone of the forearm on the side opposite the thumb
200
ureter
small, Hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to bladder
201
urethra
Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body
202
urinary bladder
Sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine
203
urinary system
organs that control discharge of certain waste material filtered from blood and excreted as urine
204
vagina
a muscular, distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva. also called birth canal
205
Vasa deferentia
the spermatic duct of the testicles. also called vas deferens
206
ventilation
the movement of air between the lungs and the environment
207
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
208
vertebrae
the 33 bones that make up the spinal column
209
voluntary muscle
muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will
210
VQ ratio
measurements that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is floater on the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Perfusion
211
white blood cells
blood cells I have a role in the body's immune defense mechanism against infection. Also called Leukocytes
212
Xiphoid process
the narrow, cartilaginous lower of the sternum
213
Zygomas
the quarter angular bones of the cheek, articulated with the frontal bone, the mix Ilya, the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone
