The Human Spark Flashcards

Question

Congeries /kɒnˈdʒəriːz/

Answer 1

**Noun:** A disorderly collection; a jumble (**آشفته بازار، بازار شام، خروار**). "On the floor, a congeries of old newspapers piled up like a mountain".

Answer 2

**Adjective:** (Of a person) giving their name to something (**نام‌گذاری چیزی با نام خود، هم‌نام**). "The eponymous hero of the novel". (Of a thing) named after a particular person or group (**چیزی که از روی شخص خاصی نام‌گذاری شده**). "Their eponymous debut LP".

Answer 3

**Adjective:** Very complicated or detailed (**پیچیده، بغرنج، تو در تو**). "An intricate network of canals".

Answer 4

**Verb:** Greatly astonish or amaze; **dumbstruck** (**بهت‌زده کردن، مبهوت کردن، حیران کردن**). "I was dumbfounded by the low prices there".

Answer 5

**Adjective:** Having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection (**ناقص، معیوب**). "A fatally flawed strategy". (Of a person) having a weakness in character (**شخصیت ناقص**). "A flawed hero"

Answer 6

**Noun:** A comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification (**قیاس، مقایسه، تشبیه، هم‌سانی، شباهت**). "An analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies".

Answer 7

**Adjective:** Perceptible by touch (**ملموس، محسوس، مشهود، مشخص، بارز**). "The atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was **almost tangible**". **Noun:** A thing that is perceptible by touch (**ملموس**). "These are the only **tangibles** upon which an assessment can be made". **Tang**: مزه، طعم.

Answer 8

**Noun:** The outside limit of an object, area, or surface (**لبه، مرز، حاشیه، یال، کناره**). "A willow tree at the water's edge". The sharpened side of the blade of a cutting implement or weapon (**لبه‌ی تیز، تیغه**). "A knife with a razor-sharp edge". **Verb:** Provide with a border or edge (**مرزدار کردن، حاشیه‌دار کردن**). "The pool is edged with paving". Move or cause to move gradually or furtively* in a particular direction (**تدریجی و مخفیانه حرکت کردن**). "She tried to edge away from him". *furtively: نامحسوس، مخفیانه.

Answer 9

**Exclamation:** حرف ندا Used to express surprise, excitement, or alarm (**ای وای، برای ابراز شگفت‌زدگی، هیجان یا هشدار به کار می‌رود**). "Blimey! How on earth did she say that to you without a blush?"

Answer 10

**Verb:** Come together to form one mass or whole (**یکی شدن، یک‌پارچه شدن**). "The puddles had coalesced into shallow streams". Combine (elements) in a mass or whole (**ادغام کردن، ائتلاف کردن**). "His idea served to coalesce all that happened into one connected whole".

Answer 11

**Verb:** Make (someone) feel completely baffled (**مبهوت کردن، سردرگم کردن، متحیر شدن، گیج شدن**). "She was perplexed by her husband's moodiness".

Answer 12

**Noun:** A combination of events happening at the same time (**تلاقی، هم‌زمانی رویدادها و شرایط**). "The happy conjuncture of two facts" (هم‌زمانی خوش‌یمن دو رویداد). A state of affairs (**وضعیت امور و رویدادها، شرایط، حالات**). "The wider political conjuncture". A critical situation (**وضعیت بحرانی**). “The current economic conjuncture is very challenging for many businesses”.

Answer 13

**Noun:** An unfilled space; a gap (**حفره، جای خالی، نقطه‌ی ابهام، حذف شدگی**). "The journal has filled a lacuna in Middle Eastern studies". ANATOMY A cavity or depression, especially in bone (**فرورفتگی در استخوان، مغاکچه**).

Answer 14

**Adverb:** To what place or state (**به جایی که، به کجا**). "Whither are we bound?" What is the likely future of (**آینده‌ی محتمل چیست؟**). "Whither modern architecture?" To which (with reference to a place) (**جایی که**). "The barbecue had been set up by the lake, whither Matthew and Sara were conducted". To whatever place; wherever (**هرکجا که، هر جایی که**). "We could drive whither we pleased".

Answer 15

**Noun:** An ancestor (**جد، نیا، پیشین**). "Generations of his forebears had lived in London" (جد اندر جدش در لندن زندگی می‌کردند.).

Answer 16

**Adverb:** From what place or source (**از کجا**). "Whence do they derive those powers?" From which; from where (**از آنجایی که، از محلی که، که از آن، که از آنجا**). "The Ural mountains, whence the ore is procured".

Answer 17

**Anatomy:** A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions (**غدد فوق کلیوی**). Adrenal: کلیوی. Gland: غده، هر عضو ترشح کننده.

Answer 18

**Anatomy:** The motor cortex or motor center is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements (**قشر حرکتی مغز**).

Answer 19

**Noun:** A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion (**ترشح، تراوش**). "Alcohol had a stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion". Secrete: (/sɪˈkriːt/) ترشح کردن.

Answer 20

**Verb:** Look thoughtfully for a long time at (**اندیشیدن، تفکر کردن**). "He contemplated his image in the mirrors". Think about (**فکر کردن درباره‌ی**). "She couldn't even begin to contemplate the future". Think deeply and at length (**غور کردن**). "He sat morosely contemplating".

Answer 21

**Verb:** Express the essential features of (something) succinctly (**لُب مطلب را بیان کردن، مخلص کلام را گفتن**). "The conclusion is encapsulated in one sentence". Enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule (**در کپسول قرار دادن یا محفوظ کردن**). "The company would encapsulate the asbestos waste in concrete pellets".

Answer 22

**Verb:** Cause (a spirit or ghost) to appear by means of a magic ritual (**ارواح یا اجنه را احضار کردن و فراخواندن**). "They hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend". Make (something) appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere (**شعبده‌بازی کردن، تردستی کردن**). "Anne conjured up a delicious home-made hotpot". (Of a word, sound, smell, etc.) cause someone to think of (something) (**چیزی سبب یادآوری چیزی دیگر شود**). "A special tune that conjures up a particular time and place". **Phrase:** Conjure something up — To make a picture or idea appear in someone's mind (**در ذهن تداعی و تصور کردن**). “For some people, the word "England" may still conjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties”.

Answer 23

**Adjective:** (Of love or friendship) intimate and affectionate but not sexual (**عشق افلاطونی، عشق پاک فارق از امور جنسی**). "Their relationship is purely platonic". Of or associated with the Greek philosopher Plato or his ideas (**افلاطونی**). "Readers of the Platonic dialogues". Confined to words, theories, or ideals, and not leading to practical action (**افکار و کلمات بی‌عمل و بدون اقدام عملی**). "A Platonic gesture".

Answer 24

**Noun:** A temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing (**انحراف، گریز کوتاه**). "Let's return to the main topic after that brief digression".

Answer 25

**Noun:** A word said by conjurors when performing a magic trick (**ورد، سحر و جادو، طلسم**). Language used to give the impression of arcane knowledge or power (**جادو جمبل**). "I get so fed up with all the mumbo jumbo and abracadabra". The implausibly easy performance of difficult feats (**انجام جادویی کارهای سخت**). "The creation of profits was a marvellous bit of abracadabra".

Answer 26

**Adjective:** Filled or well-supplied with something (**پر، مملو، لبالب**). "Sensational popular fiction, replete with adultery and sudden death". Very full of or sated by food (**سیرِ سیر، شکم پر**). "I went out into the sun-drenched streets again, replete and relaxed".

Answer 27

**Verb:** Get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable (**دور انداختن**). "Hilary bundled up the clothes she had discarded". **Noun:** A thing rejected as no longer useful or desirable (**مطرود، به درد نخور**).

Answer 28

**Verb:** Suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (**فرض کردن، پنداشتن، مستلزم بودن، مبنا قرار دادن**). "His theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes". (In ecclesiastical law) nominate or elect (someone) to an ecclesiastical office subject to the sanction of a higher authority (**انتصاب یا کاندیدای شخصی برای منصبی کلیسایی**). "The chapter was then allowed to postulate the bishop of Bath". **Noun:** A thing suggested or assumed as true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (**فرض، ادعا، شرط لازم، لازمه**). "Perhaps the postulate of Babylonian influence on Greek astronomy is incorrect".

Answer 29

**Adjective:** Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic (**تجربی، بر اساس مشاهده، آروینی**). "They provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument".

Answer 30

**Verb:** Look with difficulty or concentration at someone or something (**زل زدن، بِربِر نگاه کردن، چشم دوختن، خیره شدن**). "Faye peered at her with suspicion". Be just visible (**قابل رویت بودن، نمایان شدن**). "The towers peer over the roofs". Make or become equal with (**برابر شدن یا کردن، همتا شدن**). "The Thames could not peer with the mill-streamlet close to my home". **Noun:** A member of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, comprising the ranks of duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron (**عضو خاندان سلطنتی بریتانیا و ایرلند، نجیب‌زاده، عضو مجلس اعیان**). "Hereditary peers could still dominate the proceedings of the House of Lords". A person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person (**همتا، جفت، نظیر، مشابه، هم‌سان، هم‌سن**). "He has incurred much criticism from his academic peers". **Phrase:** Without peer— unrivalled (**بی‌همتا، بی‌رقیب، بی‌نظیر**). "He is a goalkeeper without peer".

Answer 31

**Noun:** Evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field (**ارزیابی و بررسی دقیق کارهای علمی**). "We submit our findings to rigorous peer review". **Verb:** Subject to a peer review (**با دقت زیاد ارزیابی و بررسی کردن**). "A peer-reviewed journal".

Answer 32

**Verb:** (Of a feeling, quality, or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source) (**ساطع شدن، بیرون آمدن**). "Warmth emanated from the fireplace". Originate from; be produced by (**سرچشمه گرفتن، نشئت گرفتن، منشا بودن**). "The proposals emanated from a committee". Give out or emit (a feeling, quality, or sensation) (**ساطع کردن، بروز دادن**). "He emanated a powerful brooding air".

Answer 33

**Noun:** An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information (**حدس، گمان، وهم، ظن**). "Conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied". **Verb:** Dorm an opinion or supposition about (something) on the basis of incomplete information (**حدس زدن، گمانه زنی**). "Many conjectured that the jury could not agree".

Answer 34

**Noun:** Conformity to facts; accuracy (**صحت، درستی، دقت**). "Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story". Habitual truthfulness (**صداقت، راستی**). "Voters should be concerned about his veracity and character".

Answer 35

**Noun:** A source of help in a difficult situation (**راه چاره**). "Surgery may be the only recourse". The use of (someone or something) as a source of help in a difficult situation (**توسل، مراجعه، محل کمک**). "A means of solving disputes without recourse to courts of law". The legal right to demand compensation or payment (**حق جبران خسارت و غرامت**). "The bank has recourse against the exporter for losses incurred".

Answer 36

**Noun:** A large, imposing building (**عمارت، ساختمان بزرگ، بنا**). A complex system of beliefs (**ساختار پیچیده‌ای از باورها**). "The concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built". A system that has been established for a long time (**سیستمی با قدمت طولانی**). “It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to collapse”.

Answer 37

**Verb:** Admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it (**اذعان کردن، به صحت چیزی اعتراف کردن**). "I had to concede that I'd overreacted". Surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege) (**واگذار کردن، اعطا کردن**). "He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority". To admit that you have lost in a competition (**شکست را پذیرفتن**). “She conceded even before all the votes had been counted”.

Answer 38

**Adjective:** Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared (**هم‌سان، مشابه، متناظر**). "They saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children".

Answer 39

**Noun:** Special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand (**اصطلاح تخصصی**). "Legal jargon".

Answer 40

**Noun:** Feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront (**خشونت، پرخاش‌گری**). "His chin was jutting with aggression". The action of attacking without provocation (**تهاجم و یورش بی‌دلیل، تعدی**). "He called for an end to foreign aggression against his country". Forcefulness (**تاثیرگذاری، نیرومندی**). "The sheer volume and aggression of his playing".

Answer 41

**Adjective:** (Of emotions, energy, etc.) unable to be expressed or released (**سرکوب شده، فروخورده، سرکوفته**). "Pent-up frustrations". Closely confined or held back (**متراکم، مسدود**). "A surge of pent-up water".

Answer 42

**Noun:** An apparatus for making fabric by weaving yarn or thread (**نساجی، دستگاه نساجی**). "Tweed was traditionally hand-woven on a loom". A vague and often exaggerated first appearance of an object seen in darkness or fog, especially at sea (**شمایل مبهم و اغراق‌آمیز چیزی در مه یا تاریکی دریا**). "The loom of the land". **Verb:** Appear as a vague or shadowy form, especially one that is large or threatening (**نمایان شدن چیزی بزرگ و تهدیدآمیز به صورت مبهم و سایه‌وار**). "Vehicles loomed out of the darkness". (Of an event regarded as ominous or threatening) seem about to happen (**چیزی بدشگون در حال وقوع بودن**). "There is a crisis looming". **Idiom:** If something looms large, it becomes very important and often causes worry (**دل‌شوره‌آور بودن یا شدن، چیزی بسیار مهم که نگران‌کننده است**). “The issue of pay will loom large at this year's conference”.

Answer 43

**Verb:** Divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly (**گسستن، قطع کردن، بریدن، جدا کردن**). "The head was severed from the body". Put an end to (a connection or relationship); break off (**قطع کردن ارتباط یا رابطه**). "The notice itself may be sufficient to sever the joint tenancy".

Answer 44

**Phrase:** A vegetative state (VS) or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU), is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness (**سکته مغزی منجر به زندگی نباتی**). “Vegetative stroke victims”.

Answer 45

**Adjective:** Revealing, indicating, or betraying something (**آشکار کردن، نمایاندن یا خیانت کردن به چیزی**). "The telltale bulge of a concealed weapon". **Noun:** A person, especially a child, who reports others' wrongdoings or reveals their secrets (**سخن‌چین، خبرچین، چغل**). A device or object that automatically gives a visual indication of the state or presence of something (**آشکارساز، آگاه‌ساز، جانما**).

Answer 46

**Adjective:** Deliberately cruel or violent (**شریر، بد، بدجنس، خبیث**). "A vicious assault".

Answer 47

**Noun:** A way in which something is usually done (**رسم**). "To attract the best patrons the movie houses had to ape the conventions and the standards of theatres". Behavior that is considered acceptable or polite to most members of a society (**عرف**). "He was an upholder of convention and correct form". An agreement between states covering particular matters, especially one less formal than a treaty (**کنوانسیون، موافقت‌نامه، عهدنامه**). "The convention, signed by the six states bordering on the Black Sea, aims to prevent further pollution". A large meeting or conference, especially of members of a political party or a particular profession or group (**همایش، مجمع، گردهمایی** خصوصا یک حزب سیاسی یا یک صنف خاص). "The party held its biennial convention".

Answer 48

**Verb:** /kənˈvɪkt/ Declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offence by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law (**محکوم کردن، مجرم شناختن**). "The thieves were convicted of the robbery". **Noun:** /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ A person found guilty of a criminal offence and serving a sentence of imprisonment (**محکوم، مجرم، بزهکار**). "Two escaped convicts kidnapped them at gunpoint". —————— Conviction: محکومیت، حکم، اعتقاد راسخ، یقین.

Answer 49

**Noun:** The removal of the testicles of a male animal or man (**اخته کردن**). "The castration of male calves was initiated to reduce fighting". The state of being deprived of power, vitality, or vigor (**ناتوانی در قدرت، سرزندگی یا نشاط**). "The inability to afford technology is economic castration".

Answer 50

**Verb:** Make someone aware of or familiar with (**آگاه کردن، آشنا کردن**). "New staff should be acquainted with fire exit routes". Know someone slightly (**مختصرا کسی را شناختن**). "I am not acquainted with any young lady of that name". —————— Acquaintance: آشنایان.

Answer 51

**Noun:** A natural ability to do something (**استعداد، شایستگی، توانایی ذاتی**). "Children with an aptitude for painting and drawing". A natural tendency (**میل ذاتی، تمایل طبیعی**). "The aptitude of this society to assimilate new elements".

Answer 52

**Idiom:** Be involved in (**در چیزی دخیل بودن، با چیزی طرف بودن**). "He was party to some very shady deals".

Answer 53

**Noun:** A person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions (**شکاک**). "This argument failed to convince the sceptics". **Adjective:** Another term for sceptical/skeptical (**شکاک**). "She was sceptic whether this would actually happen".

Answer 54

**Adverb:** Used to convey that something is claimed to be the case or have taken place, although there is no proof (**ظاهرا، آن‌طور که ادعا می‌شود، به اصطلاح**). "He was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt". —————— Alleged: **Adjective:** Said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality (**به قول معروف، بنا به گفته‌ی بعضی**). "The alleged conspirators". —————— Allege: **Verb:** Claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof (**متهم کردن، مدعی شدن، ادعا کردن**). "He alleged that he had been assaulted".

Answer 55

**Adjective:** Relating to or resembling a dog or dogs (**سگی، سگ‌وار، سگ‌سان**). "Canine behavioural problems". **Noun:** A dog (**سگ**). "The majority agreed with neutering stray canines". A pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars of a mammal, often greatly enlarged in carnivores (**دندان نیش**). "Most primates use their canine teeth for fighting".

Answer 56

**Adjective:** Existing or occurring at the beginning (**مقدماتی، نخستین، اولیه، آغازین**). "Our initial impression was favourable". **Noun:** The first letter of a name or word, typically a person's given name or a word forming part of a phrase (**مخفف**). "They carved their initials into the tree trunk". **Verb:** Mark or sign (a document) with one's initials in order to authorize or validate it (**پاراف، امضا کردن یک سند با حروف مخفف نام و نام‌خانوادگی**). "The man initialled the three warrants".

Answer 57

**Adjective:** Connected with thinking or conscious mental processes (**ذهنی، ادراکی**). “Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired”. Relating to or involving the processes of thinking and reasoning (**فکری، استدلالی**). “Studies show a connection between aerobic exercise and cognitive ability”.

Answer 58

**Adjective:** Coming closer together; converging (**هم‌گرا، به هم نزدیک شونده**). "A convergent boundary". —————— Converge: گراییدن، هم‌گرا بودن یا شدن.

Answer 59

**Noun:** An underlying substance or layer (**زیرلایه، پیش‌ماده**). The surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment (**بستر**). "Brachiopods attached to the substrate by a stalk". The substance on which an enzyme acts (**ماده‌ای که آنزیم روی آن عمل می‌کند**).

Answer 60

**Idiom:** If you stop short of doing or saying something, you decide not to do or say it although you almost do (**کم از گفتن/انجام دادن چیزی نیست**). “I stopped short of telling him the brutal truth”. “This declaration is stops short of saying that other animals are conscious because we still lack the smoking gun”.

Answer 61

**Noun:** A piece of incontrovertible incriminating evidence (**مدرک غیرقابل انکار، دلیل اثبات جرم**). "The trial's long-awaited smoking gun failed to surface".

Answer 62

**Adjective:** Able to perceive or feel things (**با احساس، احساسی، با ادراک**). "She had been instructed from birth in the equality of all sentient life forms".

Answer 63

**Noun:** A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc (**اصلاح، بهبود، ترمیم**). "An amendment to existing bail laws". An article added to the US Constitution (**متمم قانون اساسی آمریکا**). Something which is added to soil in order to improve its texture or fertility (**افزودنی خاک**). "You can add some soil-texturizing amendments to improve soil drainage".

Answer 64

**Noun:** The care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals (**کشاورزی، پرورش، فلاحت**). "All aspects of animal husbandry". Management and conservation of resources (**صرفه‌جویی، بهره‌وری**). "Low borrowing demonstrates astute husbandry of resources".

Answer 65

**Phrase:** (in bridge, whist, and other card games) play a card of the suit led (**بازی کردن ورق زمینه**). To do the same thing (**دنباله روی**). “When one airline reduces its ticket prices, the rest usually follow suit”.

Answer 66

**Adjective:** Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern (**بی‌تفاوت، بی‌توجه، دل‌مرده، بی‌علاقه**). "An apathetic electorate".

Answer 67

**Verb:** Beat (a person or animal) repeatedly and violently with a stick or whip (**شلاق زدن، چوب زدن، کوبیدن، زدن**). "She thrashed him across the head and shoulders". Move in a violent and convulsive way (**دست و پا زدن، به خود پیچیدن**). "He lay on the ground thrashing around in pain". Struggle in a wild or desperate way to do something (**تقلا کردن، برای انجام کاری جان کندن**). "Two months of thrashing around on my own have produced nothing". Defeat heavily in a contest or match (**شکست سخت و سنگین**). "I thrashed Pete at cards". **Noun:** A violent or noisy movement of beating or thrashing (**کوبش، حرکت خشن و پر سر و صدا**). "The thrash of the waves".

Answer 68

**Noun:** A threshing tool consisting of a wooden staff with a short heavy stick swinging from it (**خرمن‌کوب، چمن‌زن، دنگ**). **Verb:** Wave or swing wildly (**دست و بال زدن، دستان خود را به اطراف تکان دادن**). "His arms flailed as he sought to maintain his balance". Flounder; struggle uselessly (**تقلای بیهوده کردن، دست و پای بی‌خود زدن**). "I was **flailing about** in the water". Beat or flog (someone) (**کتک زدن، ضرب و شتم کردن**). "He escorted them, flailing their shoulders with his cane".

Answer 69

**Verb:** Place (a revered or precious object) in an appropriate receptacle (**قراردادن اشیا گران‌بها در مکان و گنجه مناسب**). "Relics are enshrined under altars". Preserve (a right, tradition, or idea) in a form that ensures it will be protected and respected (**محفوظ و تقدیس کردن**). "The right of all workers to strike was enshrined in the new constitution".

Answer 70

**Adjective:** Not able to be seen through; not transparent (**کدر، مات، تیره**). "Bottles filled with a pale opaque liquid". (Especially of language) hard or impossible to understand (**زبان مبهم و نامفهوم و غیرقابل فهم**). "Technical jargon that was opaque to her". Opaque writing or speech is difficult to understand (**متن یا سخنرانی ثقیل و سنگین**). “I find her poetry a little too opaque”.

Answer 71

**Philosophy** An enduring self persists through time such that the very same, wholly present self exists at different times. A perduring self persists through time by being a sum of appropriately related but different temporal parts at different times. Subjective endurance is consistent with objective perdurance (**غایت فی نفسه، نفس پایدار، غایت در خود**). “The idea that there is an enduring self is a topic that is fraught with debate amongst the philosophical minds of the world”.

Answer 72

**Noun:** Waste matter discharged from the bowels; faeces (**مدفوع، زوائد، فضله، پِهِن**).

Answer 73

**Noun:** /ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/ A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture (**مُرکب**). "The air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes". A substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions (**ماده‌ی مرکب، ترکیب شیمیایی**). "A compound of hydrogen and oxygen". A word made up of two or more existing words (**لغت مرکب**). An open area enclosed by a fence, for example around a factory or large house or within a prison (**محوطه**). "The entrance is located slightly to the south of the main compound". **Adjective:** /ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/ Made up or consisting of several parts or elements (**ترکیبی، آمیخته، مرکب**). "A compound noun". (Of interest) payable on both capital and the accumulated interest (**بهره یا سود قابل پرداخت هم بر سرمایه و هم بر سود انباشته**). "Compound interest". **Verb:** /kəmˈpaʊnd/ Make up (a composite whole); constitute (**مخلوط کردن، ترکیب کردن**). "A dialect compounded of Spanish and Dutch". Reckon (interest) on previously accumulated interest (**محاسبه کردن سود بر سود انباشته**). "The yield at which the interest is compounded". Make (something bad) worse; intensify the negative aspects of (**بدتر کردن، تشدید کردن، وخیم‌تر کردن**). "Prisoners' lack of contact with the outside world compounds their problems". Law: Forbear from prosecuting (a felony) in exchange for money or other consideration (**عقد صلح، دریافت مال در ازای مصالحه**).

Answer 74

**Adjective:** Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems (**محتاط، هوشیار، محتاطانه**). "Dogs which have been mistreated often remain very wary of strangers".

Answer 75

**Noun:** A large wrapped or bound bundle of paper, hay, or cotton (**خرمن، توده، بغچه، عدل، بُلغُنده**). "The fire destroyed 500 bales of hay". Evil considered as a destructive force (**مصیبت، فلاکت، حزن، شر**). **Verb:** Make up into bales (**دسته کردن، بغچه‌بندی کردن**). "The straw is left on the field to be baled later". Scoop water out of a boat or ship (**تخلیه‌ی آب از قایق یا کشتی**). "When we started bailing, the boat was filled with water".

Answer 76

**Noun:** A metal container with a handle, used to fetch and store coal for a domestic fire (**سطل زغال‌سنگ**). The amount of coal held in a scuttle (**به اندازه‌ی سطل زغال‌سنگ**). "Carrying endless scuttles of coal up from the cellar". BRITISH The part of a car's bodywork between the windscreen and the bonnet (**قسمت بین شیشه‌ی جلو و کاپوت خودرو**). An act or sound of scuttling (**گریز و فراز، صدای گریختن**). "I heard the scuttle of rats across the room". An opening with a cover in a ship's deck or side (**دریچه‌ی عرشه یا کناره‌ی کشتی**). "A shaft of sunlight blazed through the cabin scuttle". **Verb:** Run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps (**گریختن، با عجله پراکنده و متفرق شدن**). "A mouse scuttled across the floor". Sink (one's own ship) deliberately by holing it or opening its seacocks to let water in (**غرق کردن عمدی کشتی خود با سوراخ کردن یا باز کردن شیر بدنه**). "The ship was scuttled by its German prize crew, who took to the boats". Deliberately cause (a scheme) to fail (**عمدا خراب کردن یا به هم زدن یک برنامه یا طرح، خراب کردن**). "Some of the stockholders are threatening to scuttle the deal".

Answer 77

**Verb:** Hurl missiles repeatedly at (**مکررا بمباران کردن**). "Two boys pelted him with rotten apples". Hurl (something) at someone or something (**انداختن، افکندن، پرت کردن**). "She spotted four boys pelting stones at ducks". (Of rain, hail, or snow) fall quickly and very heavily (**بوران، کولاک، بارش سنگین باران و برف**). "The rain was pelting down". INFORMAL Run somewhere very quickly (**به سرعت به سمت جایی دویدن، شتاب کردن**). "I pelted across the road". **Noun:** An act of hurling something at someone (**افکنش**). The skin of an animal with the fur, wool, or hair still on it (**پوستین، وات**). "Traders brought reindeer pelts". The raw skin of a sheep or goat, stripped and ready for tanning (**پوست دباغی نشده گوسفند یا بز**). INFORMAL A person's hair (**موی یک شخص**). "I kissed Gillie briefly on the cheek, and ruffled the pelt of Stuart" **Phrase:** At full pelt — with maximum energy or force; at top speed (**با نهایت انرژی، قدرت یا سرعت**). "I ran downstairs at full pelt". In one's pelt — naked (**لُخت**). "They came across Henn, standing in his pelt by the river".

Answer 78

**Noun:** A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person (**ویژگی، خصلت، خصیصه**). "The traditionally British trait of self-denigration". A genetically determined characteristic (**ویژگی ژنتیکی تعیین شده**). "Breeders were installing some trait that allowed the crop to thrive".

Answer 79

**Adjective:** Deserving praise (**پسندیده، قابل ستایش و تحسین**). "He showed commendable restraint".

Answer 80

**Noun:** A person qualified to treat diseased or injured animals; a veterinary surgeon (**دام‌پزشک**).

Answer 81

**Noun:** Deceit used in order to achieve one's goal (**ترفند، بهانه، دست‌آویز**). "He had to use subterfuge and bluff on many occasions".

Answer 82

**Noun:** A person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation (**هم‌سخن، هم‌صحبت**).

Answer 83

**Noun:** The horny part of the foot of an ungulate animal, especially a horse (**سُم**). "There was a clatter of hoofs as a rider came up to them". INFORMAL A person's foot (**لِنگ**). "A product which promises to sizzle off all your dead skin, rendering your hooves as soft as a newborn's". **Verb:** INFORMAL•BRITISH kick (a ball) powerfully (**محکم شوت کردن**). "He hoofed the ball 70 metres". INFORMAL Go on foot (**پیاده رفتن**). "I paid the check and hoofed it over to Jane Street". Dance (**رقصیدن، پای‌کوبی کردن**). "We hoof it reasonably fancily, and no one guffaws". **Phrase** On the hoof — (of livestock) not yet slaughtered (**دام سلاخی نشده**). "Livestock on the hoof".

Answer 84

**Adjective:** Wrong; incorrect (**اشتباه، غلط، نادرست**). "Employers sometimes make erroneous assumptions".

Answer 85

**Noun:** A circular band of metal, wood, or similar material, especially one used for binding the staves of barrels or forming part of a framework (**تسمه‌ی حلقه‌ای**). An earring in the form of a circular band of metal or other material (**گوشواره حلقه‌ای**). "A pair of plain gold hoops". short for hula hoop (**حلقه لاغری، هولاهوپ**). "Spin the hoop around your waist or around your hips". A large ring for circus performers to jump through (**حلقه‌ی سیرک**). HISTORICAL A circle of flexible material used for expanding a woman's petticoat or skirt (**ژپون، فنر دامن**). "A woman in hoops and crinoline". The round metal rim from which a basketball net is suspended (**حلقه‌ی بسکتبال**). "By the official rules of the game, a basketball hoop must be 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet off the ground". INFORMAL•US The game of basketball (**بسکتبال**). "Henry's father played hoops for Kansas". **Verb:** Bind or encircle with or as with hoops (**تسمه‌پیچ کردن**). "A man was hooping a barrel". **Phrases:** shoot hoops — play basketball (**بسکتبال بازی کردن**). "He'd rather play golf or shoot hoops than work".

Answer 86

**Verb:** Refer to (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work (**استناد کردن به، مراجعه کردن به، ارجاع دادن به**). "Authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited". Praise (someone, typically a member of the armed forces) in an official report for a courageous act (**تقدیر از کسی معمولا نیروی مصلح**). "He has been cited many times for his contributions in the intelligence area". mention as an example (**به عنوان الگو و سرمشق یاد کردن**). "Medics have been cited as a key example of a modern breed of technical expert". Summon (someone) to appear in court (**به دادگاه احضار کردن**). "The writ cited only four of the signatories of the petition".

Answer 87

**Noun:** A general agreement (**اجماع، توافق عمومی، عقیده‌ی اکثریت قریب به اتفاق**). "There is a growing consensus that the current regime has failed".

Answer 88

**Adjective:** Difficult to find, catch, or achieve (**گریزان، فراری، گریزپا، دست نیافتنی، نایاب و نادر**). "Success will become ever more elusive". Difficult to remember (**سخت به خاطر آوردنی**). "The elusive thought he had had moments before".

Answer 89

**Noun:** A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things (**هم‌بستگی، ارتباط**). "Research showed a clear correlation between recession and levels of property crime".

Answer 90

**Verb:** Fail to reach the required standard in (an examination, test, or course of study) (**شکست، قبول نشدن، موفق نشدن**). "I flunked biology in the tenth grade". Judge (an examination candidate) to have failed to reach the required standard (**مردود شدن**). (Of a student) leave or be dismissed from school or college as a result of failing to reach the required standard (**اخراج یا انصراف از تحصیل به دلیل نتایج ضعیف**). "Tip flunked out of Caltech and moved back home".

Answer 91

**Phrase:** INFORMAL Be dead and buried (**ریق رحمت را سر کشیدن، مردن و دفن شدن**). "His heart condition will see him pushing up the daisies at a young age".

Answer 92

**Adjective:** Showing or having skill, especially with the hands (**ماهر، چیره‌دست، زبردست**). "A dexterous keyboard player".

Answer 93

**Adjective:** Having or showing skill with the hands; dexterous (**چیره‌دست، پنجه طلا**). "Nimble-fingered guitar work".

Answer 94

**Adjective:** Neatly skilful and quick in one's movements (**ماهر، چالاک، زبردست**). "A deft piece of footwork". Demonstrating skill and cleverness (**استادانه، ماهرانه**). "The script was both deft and literate".

Answer 95

**Adjective:** Enough or more than enough; plentiful (**کافی، فراوان، مفصل**). "There is ample time for discussion". Large and accommodating (**پهناور، بزرگ، وسیع**). "He leaned back in his ample chair". (Of a person's figure) full or broad (**فراخ، گنده، پربار**). "She stood with her hands on her ample hips".

Answer 96

**Noun:** A disorderly retreat of defeated troops (**هزیمت، عقب‌نشینی**). "The retreat degenerated into a rout". A decisive defeat (**شکست قاطعانه**). "The party lost more than half their seats in the rout". **Verb:** Defeat and cause to retreat in disorder (**لت و پار کردن، تار و مار کردن، شکست دادن و عقب راندن، متفرق کردن**). "In a matter of minutes the attackers were routed". Cut a groove, or any pattern not extending to the edges, in (a wooden or metal surface) (**تا نزدیک لبه‌ی چوب یا فلز شیار یا طرح زدن**). "You routed each plank all along its length". Find or retrieve (**پیدا کردن، بازیافتن**). "As I routed out the lantern, the telephone jangled". Force (someone) from a place (**بیرون کردن**). "Simon routed him from the stables" **Phrase:** Put to rout — put to flight; defeat utterly (**شدیدا شکست و فراری دادن**). "I once put a gang to rout".

Answer 97

**Noun:** A large group of people (**فوج، ازدحام، توده، گروه**). "A horde of beery rugby fans". An army or tribe of nomadic warriors (**قشون، ارتش، لشگر**). "Tartar hordes". A small loosely knit social group typically consisting of about five families (**طایفه، تبار، ایل، گروهی متشکل از پنج خاندان، عشیره**).

Answer 98

**Idiom:** To behave as if you are more important than someone and have a right to tell that person what to do (**تسلت اربابانه، رئیس‌بازی، زورگویی، قلدری**). “He likes to lord it over his little sister”.

Answer 99

**Verb:** Make (someone) troubled or nervous (**آشفتن، پریشان کردن**). "The thought of questioning Toby agitated him extremely". Stir or disturb (something, especially a liquid) briskly (**به هم زدن مایعات**). "Agitate the water to disperse the oil". campaign to arouse public concern about an issue in the hope of prompting action (**تهییج کردن، تحریک کردن، شوراندن، شر به پا کردن**). "they agitated for a reversal of the decision"

Answer 100

**Adjective:** Worn out or ruined because of age or neglect (**فرتوت، زوار در رفته، لکنته، ناتوان**). "A row of decrepit houses". (Of a person) elderly and infirm (**از کار افتاده، نزار، پیر و چروکیده**). "I stay active as I don't want to be decrepit".

Answer 101

**Noun:** Brisk and cheerful readiness (**نشاط، چابکی، اشتیاق، طرب**). "She accepted the invitation with alacrity".

Answer 102

**Noun:** A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd (**شورش، غوغا، آشوب، بلوا**). "Riots broke out in the capital". An impressively large or varied display of something (**نمایش چشم‌گیر و متنوع از چیزی**). "The garden was a riot of colour". An uproar (**غوغا، همهمه**). "The film's sex scenes caused a riot in Cannes" An outburst of uncontrolled feelings (**غلیان احساسات**). "A riot of emotions raged through Fabia". **Verb:** Take part in a violent public disturbance (**شورش کردن**). "Students rioted in Paris". **Phrase:** Run riot — behave in a violent and unrestrained way (**افسار گسیخته رفتار کردن، عصیان کردن**). "A country where freelance gunmen run riot, looting and hijacking food".

Answer 103

**Verb:** (Of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion (**جمع‌آوری و سامان‌دهی مجدد نیروی نظامی پس از شکست، مجددا صف‌آرایی کردن، تجدید قوا کردن**). "De Montfort's troops rallied and drove back the king's infantry". Recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise (**جان تازه گرفتن، بهبودی یافتن، بازیافتن**). "He floundered for a moment, then rallied again". Subject (someone) to good-humoured ridicule; tease (**مسخره کردن، شوخی کردن، سر به سر کسی گذاشتن**). "He rallied her on the length of her pigtail". **Noun:** A mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support for a cause (**اجتماع سیاسی، تظاهرات، گردهمایی، فراخوان**). "A rally attended by around 100,000 people". A long-distance race for motor vehicles over public roads or rough terrain, typically in several stages (**رالی**). "A rally driver".

Answer 104

**Noun:** The people living in a particular country or area (**عوام الناس، توده‌ی مردم، مردم عادی**). "The party misjudged the mood of the populace".

Answer 105

**Noun:** The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose (**دستگاه، اسباب، ساز و برگ**). "Firemen wearing breathing apparatus". The complex structure of a particular organization or system (**سازمان، ساختار**). A collection of notes, variant readings, and other matter accompanying a printed text (**کلیه‌ی ملحقات یک متن شامل پاورقی، فهرست و غیره**). "One thing about the book's apparatus does irritate: the absence of an index of titles".

Answer 106

**Verb:** (Of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service (**بسیج کردن**). Organize and encourage (a group of people) to take collective action in pursuit of a particular objective (**متحد کردن**). "It would be hard for worker representatives to mobilize the workforce against the employers". Make (something) movable or capable of movement (**به حرکت درآوردن، متحرک ساختن**). "The physiotherapist might mobilize the patient's shoulder girdle".

Answer 107

**Noun:** A large group of people or things of a particular kind (**گروه، دسته**). "A bevy of big-name cameos will keep the adults entertained".

Answer 108

**Adjective:** Depressingly dull and bleak or repetitive (**دل‌تنگ کننده، دل‌گیر، ملال‌انگیز، خفقان‌آور**). "The dreary round of working, eating, and trying to sleep".

Answer 109

**Verb:** Remonstrate* with or rebuke (someone) angrily (**پرخاش، بددهنی، غر زدن، فحاشی کردن**). "Mum took Anna away, scolding her for her bad behaviour". *Remonstrate: سرزنش کردن، اعتراض کردن. **Noun:** A person who nags or grumbles constantly (typically used of a woman) (**آدم بد دهن، غرغرو**). "His mother was the village scold".

Answer 110

**Verb:** Shock or greatly surprise (**مبهوت کردن، متحیر کردن، حیران کردن**). "Her bluntness astounded him".

Answer 111

**Noun:** A close friend or companion (**رفیق، هم‌دم، دوست صمیمی**). "He went gambling with his cronies".

Answer 112

**Adjective:** Described as or proclaimed* to be such by oneself, without endorsement by others (**خودخوانده**). "Books written by self-proclaimed experts". *proclaim: جار زدن، اعلام کردن.

Answer 113

**Noun:** A cloud of smoke created to conceal military operations (**دودی برای پوشش عملیات نظامی**). "Troops laid down a smokescreen to cover the rescue of the victims". A ruse* designed to disguise someone's real intentions or activities (**استتار، پوشش**). "He tried to create a smokescreen by quibbling about the statistics". *ruse: خدعه، نیرنگ، حیله، مکر.

Answer 114

**Phrase:** If you say that someone is feathering their nest, you mean that they are getting a lot of money out of something, so that they can lead a comfortable life. (**پول پارو کردن، پول هنگفت و بادآورده به جیب زدن**). “Mary's much more interested in doing things for other people than feathering her own nest”.

Answer 115

**Adjective:** Unwilling or unable to change because of tradition or convention (**کوته‌نظر، متعصب، اهل سنت، کوته‌فکر، دوآتیشه، محافظه‌کار**). "They are working to change hidebound corporate cultures".

Answer 116

**Noun:** A great victory or achievement (**پیروزی، فتح**). "A garden built to celebrate Napoleon's many triumphs". Joy or satisfaction resulting from a success or victory (**پیروزمندانه**). "‘Here it is!’ Helen's voice rose in triumph". A highly successful example of something (**نمونه‌ی بارز موفقیت در چیزی**). "The marriage had been a triumph of togetherness". The processional entry of a victorious general into Ancient Rome (**رژه‌ی ظفرمندانه ژنرال رومی**). **Verb:** Achieve a victory; be successful (**پیروز شدن، چیره شدن**). "Spectacle has once again triumphed over content". Rejoice or exult at a victory or success (**جشن پیروزی گرفتن، پای‌کوبی کردن**). "She stopped triumphing over Mrs Ward's failure".

Answer 117

**Verb:** Feel deep respect or admiration for (something) (**احترام گذاشتن، تقدیر کردن، حرمت گذاشتن، تقدیس کردن**). "Cézanne's still lifes were revered by his contemporaries".

Answer 118

**Noun:** A member of certain peoples of very short stature in equatorial Africa and parts of SE Asia (**کوتوله، گورزاد**). **Adjective:** Used in names of animals and plants that are much smaller than more typical kinds, e.g. pygmy shrew, pygmy water lily (**گونه‌ی کوتوله، گونه‌هایی که جثه‌ی کوچک‌تری نسبت به هم‌نوعان خود دارند**).

Answer 119

**Verb:** Make (a doubt, feeling, or belief) disappear (**برطرف کردن، تاراندن، پراکندن، متفرق کردن**). "The brightness of the day did nothing to dispel Elaine's dejection".

Answer 120

**Verb:** Be full of or swarming with (**مملو بودن یا شدن، پر شدن، پر ازدحام شدن**). "Every garden is teeming with wildlife". (Of water, especially rain) pour down; fall heavily (**بارش شدید باران، وابل**). "With the rain teeming down at the manor, Italy seemed a long way off".

Answer 121

**Adjective:** Showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire (**حشری، عاشقانه**). "She rejected his amorous advances".

Answer 122

**Adverb:** Wholly and completely (**تماما، کاملا**) "Logging has been banned outright". Immediately or instantly (**درجا، بلادرنگ**). "The impact killed four horses outright". Directly or openly (**مستقیما، رک و راست**). "She couldn't ask him outright". not by degrees or instalments (**تمام و کمال، یک‌جا**). "They decided to buy the company outright". **Adjective:** Open and direct (**صریح**). "An outright refusal". Total (**کامل، بالکل**). "The outright abolition of the death penalty". Clear and undisputed (**آشکار، بی‌شک و تردید، واضح**). "An outright victory".

Answer 123

**Adjective:** Quiet, gentle, and easily imposed on; submissive (**با حوصله، بردبار، فروتن، نجیب**). "She brought her meek little husband along".

Answer 124

**Adjective:** Next to or adjoining something else (**مجاور، همسایه، کنار هم، هم‌جوار**). "Adjacent rooms". Next to or very near a specified location (**جَنب، کنار، پهلو**). "A Hollywood-adjacent town".

Answer 125

**Adjective:** Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities (**برابرگرایی، تساوی‌گرایی**). "A fairer, more egalitarian society". **Noun:** A person who advocates or supports the principle of equality for all people (**برابرگرا، تساوی‌گرا**). "He was a social and political egalitarian".

Answer 126

**Verb:** Sit, lie, or fall with one's arms and legs spread out in an ungainly way (**ولو شدن، پخش زمین شدن**). "The door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement". Spread out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way (**بی‌رویه گسترش یافتن، پخش شدن**). "The town sprawled along several miles of cliff top". **Noun:** An ungainly or carelessly relaxed position in which one's arms and legs are spread out (**لش‌وار نشینی، گَل و گشاد نشینی، لَم**). "She fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl". A group or mass of something that has spread out in an untidy or irregular way (**پخش و پلا، گسترش بی‌رویه و کنترل**). "A sprawl of buildings". —————— Sprawling: پراکنده، وسیع، گسترده.

Answer 127

**Adjective:** Splendid and expensive-looking (**مجلل، گران، لوکس، لاکچری، باشکوه**). "The banquet was a sumptuous, luxurious meal".

Answer 128

**Noun:** A loose garment, typically sleeveless and reaching to the knees, as worn in ancient Greece and Rome (**جُبّه**).

Answer 129

**Noun:** A large-headed piece of metal that pierces and projects from a surface, especially for decoration (**قُپه، دکمه سرآستین، گل‌میخ**). An upright timber in the wall of a building to which laths and plasterboard are nailed (**تیر عمودی دیوار**). "Lath and plaster on timber studs". An establishment where horses or other domesticated animals are kept for breeding (**تاسیسات پرورش حیوانات اهلی مثل اسب**). "A stud farm". A stallion (**اسب نرینه**). A young man thought to be very active sexually or regarded as a good sexual partner (**مرد حشری و فعال جنسی**). "A rugged, hairy-chested stud". **Verb:** Decorate or augment (something) with many studs or similar small objects (**قپه‌زدن**). "A dagger studded with precious diamonds".

Answer 130

**Verb:** Work extremely hard or incessantly (**جان کندن، حمالی کردن**). "We toiled away". Move slowly and with difficulty (**به سختی حرکت کردن**). "She began to toil up the cliff path". **Noun:** Exhausting physical labour (**مشقت، رنج**). "A life of toil".

Answer 131

**Verb:** Begin (**شروع کردن، آغاز کردن**). "His design team commenced work".

Answer 132

**Noun:** A person's nickname (**لقب**). "She was a vast and haughty person who answered to the sobriquet ‘Duchesse’".

Answer 133

**Adjective:** Extremely poor and lacking the means to provide for oneself (**مفلس، ندار، مستمند، فقیر، تهی‌دست**). "The charity cares for destitute children". Not having (**بی‌بهره، فاقد**). "Towns destitute of commerce".

Answer 134

**Adjective:** (Especially of a person) unfortunate (**بی‌چاره، بی‌نوا**). "The hapless victims of the disaster".

Answer 135

**Expression:** It's an expression meaning strong determination in self or, if supervising others, a tough no-nonsense inflexibility in ensuring everyone follows the rules and procedures specified (**سخت‌گیر، نظم و انضباط آهنین**). “The cadets at the military academy were subjected to iron discipline, waking up at dawn every day and following a rigorous training schedule without exception.”

Answer 136

**Adjective:** (of laws or their application) excessively harsh and severe (**قوانین ظالمانه و شدید**). "The Nazis destroyed the independence of the press by a series of draconian laws".

Answer 137

**Verb:** (Of a plant) put out shoots (**جوانه زدن، سبز شدن**). "The weeds begin to sprout". Appear or develop suddenly and in large numbers (**مثل قارچ سبز شدن**). "Plush new hotels are sprouting up everywhere". **Noun:** A shoot* of a plant 🌱 (**جوانه**). "The flower pots are full of green sprouts". *shoot: نهال، جوانه. Offshoot: پاجوش، جوانه‌ای جدید روی گیاه قدیمی.

Answer 138

**Noun:** A tube used to convey liquid upwards from a reservoir and then down to a lower level of its own accord. Once the liquid has been forced into the tube, typically by suction or immersion, flow continues unaided (**سیفون**). **Verb:** Draw off or convey (liquid) by means of a siphon (**به وسیله‌ی سیفون منتقل کردن**). "A piece of tubing was used to siphon petrol". Draw off or transfer over a period of time, especially illegally or unfairly (**تدریجی کش رفتن و منتقل کردن غیر قانونی یا ناعادلانه**). "He's been siphoning money off the firm".

Answer 139

**Noun:** A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state (**مخالف نظام، معاند**). "A dissident who had been jailed by a military regime". **Adjective:** In opposition to official policy (**جناح مخالف**). "The measure was supported by dissident Tories*". *dissident Tories: مخافظه‌کاران جناح مخالف

Answer 140

**Adverb:** (Especially in official use) immediately; without delay (**بلافاصله، بی‌درنگ، فوری**). "We undertake to pay forthwith the money required".

Answer 141

**Adjective:** Never to be broken, infringed, or dishonored (**مصون، گزند ناپذیر**). "An inviolable rule of chastity".

Answer 142

**Noun:** A man's head covering consisting of a long length of material wound around a cap or the head, worn especially by Sikhs and Muslims (**عمامه، دستار**). A marine mollusc with a sculptured spiral shell and a distinctive operculum which is smooth on the inside and sculptured and typically patterned on the outside (**نوعی حلزون دریایی معروف به دستارپوش**).

Answer 143

**Noun:** A person who travels about selling goods, typically advertising them by shouting (**فروشنده‌ی دوره‌گرد**). "Hawkers and costermongers pushed their little handcarts, crying ‘Bread!’, ‘Fish!’ and ‘Meat pies!’".

Answer 144

**Noun:** A piece of paper money, constituting a central bank's promissory note to pay a stated sum to the bearer on demand (**اسکناس**). "A £100 banknote".

Answer 145

**Noun:** Coins or banknotes that must be accepted if offered in payment of a debt (**پول قانونی، پول رایج**).

Answer 146

**Adjective:** No longer existing or functioning (**مرده، منسوخ، از رده خارج، مرحوم**). "The now defunct Somerset & Dorset railway line".

Answer 147

**Noun:** BRITISH A bowl for washing, typically attached to a wall and having taps connected to a water supply; a washbasin (**روشویی، سینک طرف‌شویی**). A wide open container used for preparing food or for holding liquid (**تشت، لگن**). "She poured water from the jug into the basin". A circular or oval valley or natural depression on the earth's surface, especially one containing water (**حوزه‌ی آبگیر، خور، فرورفتگی زمین که آب در آن جمع شده باشد**). "The loch is cupped in a shallow basin among low hills". An enclosed area of water where boats can be moored (**دریاچه کوچک**). "The gravel pit is to be used as a yacht basin".

Answer 148

**Verb:** Give or grant someone (power, status, or recognition) (**اعطا کردن**). "The powers accorded to the head of state". (Of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with (**مطابقت داشتن، هماهنگ بودن**). "His views accorded well with those of Merivale". **Noun:** An official agreement or treaty (**توافق، معاهده**). "Opposition groups refused to sign the accord". Agreement or harmony (**قرار، پیمان**). "The government and the rebels are in accord on one point". **Phrase:** In accord with — according to (**مطابق با**). "Things didn't happen quite in accord with expectations". Of one's own accord — voluntarily or without outside intervention (**به میل خود، داوطلبانه**). "He would not seek treatment of his own accord". With one accord — in a united way (**متحدانه، هماهنگ، یک‌پارچه**). "the association is acting with one accord in this matter".

Answer 149

**Verb:** Strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material (**مستحکم‌تر کردن، مقاوم‌تر کردن**). "The helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork".

Answer 150

**Noun:** A fighter in the medieval Crusades (**جنگجوی صلیبی**). A person who campaigns vigorously for political, social, or religious change; a campaigner (**اصلاح‌طلب، مصلح**). "Crusaders for early detection and treatment of mental illnesses".

Answer 151

**Adjective:** Sending out light; shining or glowing brightly (**درخشنده، نورانی**). "A bird with radiant green and red plumage". (Of a person or their expression) clearly emanating great joy, love, or health (**تابناک**). "She gave him a radiant smile". (Of an emotion or quality) emanating powerfully from someone or something; very conspicuous (**ساطع**). "He praised her radiant self-confidence".

Answer 152

**Noun:** A winged angelic being described in biblical tradition as attending on God, represented in ancient Middle Eastern art as a lion or bull with eagles' wings and a human face and regarded in traditional Christian angelology as an angel of the second highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (**کروب، فرشته‌ی مقرب، کودک فرشته‌ی بالدار**). FORMAL Cherubim.

Answer 153

**Verb:** Cause to become entangled in something (**گرفتار کردن، گیر انداختن**). "Whales enmeshed in drift nets". Involve (someone) in a difficult situation from which it is hard to escape (**در مخمصه انداختن کسی**). "He is enmeshed in an adulterous affair".

Answer 154

**Noun:** A medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility (**خنیاگر، نوازنده‌ی دوره‌گرد**). "They listened to the minstrels singing songs of knightly prowess".

Answer 155

**Noun:** Glass that has been coloured and cut into various shapes to form pictures or patterns, used especially in church windows (**ویترای، هنر شیشه رنگی**). “A stained* glass window”. *stain: لکه، داغ عیب.

Answer 156

**Verb:** Transfix or pierce with a sharp instrument (**با نیزه کسی را سوراخ کردن، به صلابه کشیدن**). "His head was impaled on a pike and exhibited for all to see".

Answer 157

**Noun:** A long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head, formerly used by a horseman in charging (**نیزه**). "The warriors bore lances tipped with iron or steel". Prick or cut open (an abscess or boil) with a lancet or other sharp instrument (**نیشتر زدن**). "Abscesses should not be lanced until there is a soft spot in the centre".

Answer 158

**Adjective:** Paying close attention to something (**با دقت فراوان توجه کردن**). "Never before had she had such an attentive audience". Assiduously* attending to the comfort or wishes of others; very polite or courteous (**توجه و مراقبت فراوان از راحتی دیگران**). "The hotel has a pleasant atmosphere and attentive service". *assiduously: با پشتکار.

Answer 159

**Noun:** A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels (**تمثیل، مثال**). "The parable of the blind men and the elephant".

Answer 160

**Verb:** Make (a person's hair or clothes) untidy (**پریشان کردن، ژولاندن**). "He ran one hand through his hair, further dishevelling it". **Adjective:** **Disheveled** /dɪˈʃev.əld/ (Of a person's hair, clothes, or appearance) untidy; disordered (**ژولیدن، نامرتب**). "A man with long dishevelled hair".

Answer 161

**Noun:** A person who has no religion or whose religion is not that of the majority (**کافر، لامذهب**). "A crusade against infidels and heretics". **Adjective:** Adhering to a religion other than that of the majority (**معتقد به مذهبی غیر از اعتقاد عمومی مثلا نامسلمان، غیرمسیحی**). "The infidel foe".

Answer 162

**Exclamation:** DATED An expression of good wishes to a person starting a journey (**دعای خیر بدرقه‌ی راه**). "She wished him godspeed".

Answer 163

**Noun:** A small squalid or simply constructed dwelling (**کلبه، کپر**). "People were living in rat-infested hovels".

Answer 164

**Verb:** Leave a ship, aircraft, or train (**از کشتی یا هواپیما پیاده شدن**). "The passengers began to disembark". Opposite: Embark: به کشتی یا هواپیما سوار شدن، به انجام کاری مبادرت کردن.

Answer 165

**Noun:** A thing that someone believes to be real but that exists only in their imagination (**توهم**). "It really was Ross and not **a figment of her** overheated **imagination**".

Answer 166

**Phrase:** To look at and study something, usually a book or document, carefully (**بررسی و مطالعه کردن چیزی**). “She spends her evenings poring over textbooks”.

Answer 167

**Adjective:** number INFORMAL Used to emphasize that something has happened on many other occasions (**بی‌شمار، اِنُمین‌بار، شونصدمین**). "She checked her watch for the umpteenth time".

Answer 168

**Noun:** A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock (**بن‌بست، تنگنا**). "The current political impasse".

Answer 169

**Noun:** Each of the lines in which light (and heat) may seem to stream from the sun or any luminous body, or pass through a small opening (**پرتو، اشعه**). "A ray of sunlight came through the window". **Verb:** Spread from or as if from a central point (**تشعشع کردن، تاباندن**). "Delicate lines rayed out at each corner of her eyes".

Answer 170

**Noun:** An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences (**عفو عمومی، بخشش**). "An amnesty for political prisoners". **Verb:** Grant an official pardon to (**عفو عمومی کردن، بخشیدن**). "The guerrillas would be amnestied and allowed to return to civilian life".

Answer 171

**Noun:** Mad; crazy (**دیوانه، احمق**). "You're stark raving bonkers!"

Answer 172

**Noun:** Understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened or developed (**با نگاه به گذشته، با بازنگری**). "**With hindsight**, I should never have gone" (حالا که به عقب نگاه می‌کنم می‌فهمم که هیچ‌وقت نباید می‌رفتم).

Answer 173

**Noun:** (In Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail (**کایمرا، موجودی افسانه‌ای در یونان باستان ترکیبی از سر ماده شیر، بدن بز و دم مار**). A thing which is hoped for but is illusory or impossible to achieve (**خیال واهی**). "The economic sovereignty you claim to defend is a chimera".

Answer 174

**Noun:** A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles (**پخچال طبیعی، یخسار**).

Answer 175

**Noun:** An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or in someone's behavior (**دمدمی‌مزاجی، هردمبیل، بوالهوسی**). "The vagaries of the weather".

Answer 176

**Adverb:** By that means; as a result of that (**بدان وسیله، بدان طریق، به آن وسیله**). "Students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music".

Answer 177

**Adjective:** Difficult to control or predict because of wilful or perverse behavior (**متمرد، خیره‌سر، خودسر، سرکش**). "A wayward adolescent".

Answer 178

**Noun:** Cover or decorate (something) with a hard surface layer (). "The mussels encrust navigation buoys".

The Human Spark Flashcards

(202 cards)