The Humble Petition and Advice (1657) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What was the Humble Petition and Advice
A constitutional document offered to Cromwell, who was to be offered the crown
When was the Humble Petition and Advice
1657
How was the government changed in 1657 under the new constitution
It changed from Cromwell being Lord Protector to being offered the crown, although he ultimately declined
What role did the Lords and Commons have under the Protectorate
They were to govern alongside the Protector, providing a hereditary succession
What provision was made for succession in the new constitution
A hereditary succession was established, allowing for a royal line
How was Parliament involved in military and state affairs
Parliament was to control the army and officers of state, with their approval required
How was Edward Hyde’s opinion on the Humble Petition and Advice significant
He believed it was a step towards a Stuart Restoration, and Cromwell would face backlash if he declared himself king
What were the rules for elections under the new constitution
Regular elections were to be held, with limited religious toleration
What did the use of the term “king” in the new constitution confirm
It confirmed that traditional laws and the courts system would be used, indicating a move towards monarchy
Why was Cromwell’s refusal of the crown significant
It indicated he did not want to be seen as a monarch but still sought to strengthen his authority within a constitutional framework
How did Cromwell feel about the Humble Petition and Advice
He sympathized with the idea and considered it as a way to restore stability and provide for the future, motivated by his desire for a ‘godly reformation’ and faith in God’s plan
What was Cromwell’s motivation for accepting the offer of the crown
His desire for a ‘godly reformation’ and his belief that army support and divine approval justified his acceptance, despite opposition from others who believed it undermined republican principles
When did Cromwell die
1658
Why had Cromwell rejected the claim to the Crown
Opposition stemmed from those who were close to him and the army
How did Cromwell’s son, Richard, respond to the political situation after Cromwell’s death
Richard summoned the Third Protectorate Parliament but lacked the experience of his father
When was the Third Protectorate Parliament summoned
January 1659
Why was Richard Cromwell unable to lead effectively
He had no military experience, was unpopular, and lacked the authority to manage the Council of Officers or restore stability
What was the outcome of Richard Cromwell’s leadership
The army and political factions rejected him, leading to the collapse of the Protectorate and the eventual restoration of the monarchy
What role did General George Monck play after Richard Cromwell’s fall
Monck marched from Scotland to London in order to restore order, called elections, and facilitated the return to monarchy, leading to the Restoration of Charles II
