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Neonate > The infant at birth > Flashcards

The infant at birth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the immediate routine procedures after an infant is born?

A

Heat conservation measures and drying the infant.

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2
Q

Why is it important to dry the infant immediately after birth?

A

Drying the infant can often initiate breathing and prevent excessive cooling

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3
Q

When should breathing be assessed in a newborn?

A

When should breathing be assessed in a newborn?

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4
Q

What should be done if an infant’s breathing is poor after birth?

A

What should be done if an infant’s breathing is poor after birth?

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5
Q

What position should a well-breathing infant be placed in after birth?

A

The kangaroo-care position (skin-to-skin) on the mother’s abdomen.

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6
Q

Why is kangaroo care recommended for newborns?

A

Kangaroo care helps keep newborns warm and facilitates bonding between mother and baby.

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7
Q

When is suctioning of the mouth and pharynx necessary for a newborn?

A

Suctioning is only necessary if resuscitation is required, not routinely.

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8
Q

What should be done if an infant has a lot of secretions?

A

Turn the infant on their side to allow secretions to drain naturally.

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9
Q

Why should suctioning with a towel or holding the infant upside down be avoided?

A

These actions can cause damage or stimulate a vagal response in the infant.

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10
Q

How soon after birth can routine management of the newborn typically be delayed?

A

Routine management can usually be delayed for 30 minutes while the mother meets her infant.

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11
Q

When is the Apgar score typically done in infants?

A

The Apgar score is done at one minute after birth for all infants.

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12
Q

Where can the Apgar score be conducted?

A

The Apgar score can be conducted while the infant is still with the mother.

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13
Q

When should the Apgar score be repeated if the one-minute score is not normal?

A

The Apgar score should be repeated at five minutes to document any improvement with resuscitation.

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14
Q

Is a five-minute Apgar score necessary if the one-minute score is normal?

A

No, unless the infant deteriorates, a five-minute assessment is usually not required.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the Apgar score?

A

To assess and document the infant’s condition after birth, including their vital signs and overall well-being.

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16
Q

How many criteria are assessed in the Apgar score?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

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17
Q

At what minute mark is the Apgar score most commonly performed?

A

The Apgar score is most commonly performed at one minute after birth

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18
Q

Why is it important to document any improvement in the infant’s condition with resuscitation?

A

To track the effectiveness of medical interventions and guide further treatment if necessary.

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19
Q

What is the highest possible Apgar score?

A

10

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20
Q

Why is it advisable to delay clamping the umbilical cord in a newborn?

A

Delaying clamping allows for blood transfusion from the placenta, improving the infant’s iron stores and increasing blood volume.

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21
Q

What happens to the umbilical arteries in a normal infant shortly after delivery?

A

The umbilical arteries go into spasm within minutes of delivery.

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22
Q

How long should one wait before clamping the umbilical cord to improve iron stores in the infant?

A

Waiting one to two minutes after birth can significantly improve the infant’s iron stores.

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23
Q

What can be done if the infant needs to be moved for resuscitation before cord clamping?

A

Cord milking can be considered as an alternative to immediate clamping.

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24
Q

How far from the skin is the umbilical clamp applied before cutting the cord?

A

The umbilical clamp is applied around the cord 2 cm from the skin.

25
Q

What caution should be taken when cutting the umbilical cord?

A

Beware of spraying blood into your eyes when cutting the cord.

26
Q

Beware of spraying blood into your eyes when cutting the cord.

A

The stump can be cleaned with
-saline,
-alcohol, or
-chlorhexidine.

27
Q

When does the umbilical stump typically fall off after birth?

A

The umbilical stump usually comes away between 7 and 14 days after birth.

28
Q

What is the purpose of cleaning the umbilical stump?

A

To prevent infection and promote healing of the umbilical area

29
Q

What is the role of the umbilical vein in a newborn’s circulation?

A

The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the infant’s circulation.

30
Q

What is the purpose of routine prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

To prevent eye infections in newborns, especially in high-risk areas.

31
Q

Which eye ointment is typically used for routine prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Chloromycetin eye ointment.

32
Q

Besides gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, what other infections can erythromycin or tetracycline ointment help prevent?

A

Erythromycin or tetracycline ointment can prevent Chlamydia conjunctivitis.

33
Q

When can prophylactic eye ointment administration be delayed?

A

Prophylactic eye ointment administration can be delayed until after the mother meets her infant and the placenta is safely delivered.

34
Q

What is the benefit of delaying prophylactic eye ointment administration?

A

Allowing the mother to first meet her infant and ensuring the safe delivery of the placenta.

35
Q

What is the alternative to chloromycetin eye ointment for preventing eye infections in newborns?

A

Erythromycin or tetracycline ointment.

36
Q

What type of eye infection can erythromycin or tetracycline ointment help prevent?

A

Chlamydia conjunctivitis.

37
Q

What is the risk factor for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Being born in high-risk areas.

38
Q

What is the primary reason for administering prophylactic eye ointment to newborns?

A

To prevent eye infections that can lead to serious complications.

39
Q

What is the recommended route for administering vitamin K1 to newborns?

A

Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh.

40
Q

What is the purpose of administering vitamin K1 to newborns?

A

To prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

41
Q

Why is the use of oral vitamin K1 not recommended for routine use in newborns?

A

Because repeated doses are required, especially in breastfed infants.

42
Q

How much vitamin K1 is typically given to newborns through intramuscular injection?

A

1 mg of vitamin K1 (Konakion).

43
Q

Where is the intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 usually administered in newborns?

A

Into the anterolateral thigh.

44
Q

What condition does vitamin K1 supplementation in newborns aim to prevent?

A

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

45
Q

What is another name for vitamin K1?

A

Konakion.

46
Q

What is the recommended dosage of vitamin K1 for newborns?

A

1 mg

47
Q

What measures should be taken to identify the newborn before leaving the labor ward?

A

Name tags should be placed on the infant’s wrist and ankle.

48
Q

What assessments should be performed before leaving the labor ward?

A

Weighing the infant,
measuring head circumference, and
measuring length.

49
Q

What is the recommendation for term infants and larger preterm infants delivered vaginally?

A

They should remain with their mothers from the time of delivery.

50
Q

When should healthy infants delivered by Caesarean section be observed in the nursery?

A

They usually do not need to be observed in the nursery and can stay with the mother.

51
Q

What action should be taken if there is doubt about the well-being of the infant?

A

Observe the infant for a few hours in the nursery before rejoining the mother.

52
Q

What efforts should be made regarding the mother and her infant?

A

Every effort should be made to keep them together.

53
Q

Why is it important to put the newborn to the breast immediately after birth?

A

It helps prevent hypoglycemia, assesses sucking ability, and provides antibodies in the colostrum.

54
Q

What is the significance of the first feed for a newborn?

A

The first feed provides important nutrients, antibodies in colostrum, and helps prevent hypoglycemia.

55
Q

What should be done if the newborn is not put to the breast at birth?

A

Allow the infant to suckle as soon as possible

56
Q

Why is early bathing not recommended for newborns?

A

It offers no physiological advantage and should be delayed, especially for preterm or ill infants.

57
Q

How should infants born to HIV-positive women be managed after delivery regarding bathing?

A

They should be well dried to remove contaminated blood and secretions but do not need an urgent bath.

58
Q

What is the role of vernix in newborns?

A

Vernix is bacteriostatic and protects against skin infections.

Neonate (34 decks)

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