the integumentary system 1

Question 1

what does the integumentary system include

Answer 1

the body covering including the skin, nails and hair

Question 2

what are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system

Answer 2

epidermis and dermis

Question 3

what is the epidermis

Answer 3

surface epithelial layer of the skin

Question 4

what is the dermis

Answer 4

the deeper connective tissue layer of the skin

Question 5

what is not part of the skin

Answer 5

deep dermis

Question 6

what 2 basic tissues does the skin consist of

Answer 6

epithelial and connective

Question 7

what are the 2 fundamental layers of skin

Answer 7

outer epidermis and inner dermis

Question 8

what is the epidermis made of

Answer 8

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial

Question 9

what 4 cell types is the epidermis made of

Answer 9

keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
merkel cells

Question 10

how much of the epidermis is keratinocytes

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

how many layers are made up by keratinocytes

Answer 11

4-5

Question 12

what do keratinocytes do

Answer 12

produce keratin
protect skin
waterproof

Question 13

name the sublayers of the epidermis

Answer 13

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 14

how long does the renewal of the epidermis take

Answer 14

3-4 weeks

Question 15

what is the role of the stratum basale

Answer 15

stem cells of the epidermis

Question 16

describe the structure of the stratum basale

Answer 16

single layer of low columnar or cuboidal cells at the base of the epidermis

Question 17

describe the structure of the stratum spinosum

Answer 17

several layers of polyhedral cells joined by many desmosomes

Question 18

describe the structure of stratum granulosum

Answer 18

few layers of flattened cells with cytoplasmic granules
nuclei begins to degenerate

Question 19

describe structure of stratum lucidum

Answer 19

several layers of flattened skin
nuclei hardly visable

Question 20

when can the stratum lucidum not be identified

Answer 20

in thin skin

Question 21

describe the structure of stratum corneum

Answer 21

several layers of flattened keratinised (dead) cells, embedded in a dense matrix of proteins.

Question 22

what parts of the body contain thick skin

Answer 22

palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 23

what do melanocytes do

Answer 23

produce melanin
transfer pigment to keratinocytes

Question 24

what amount of the epithelial cells are melanocytes

Answer 24

8%

Question 25

what do Langerhans cells do

Answer 25

immune response

Question 26

where are langerhans cells found

Answer 26

stratus spinosum

Question 27

describe how langerhans cells preform their function

Answer 27

cells that engulf foreign materials that invade the epidermis

Question 28

where are merkel cell complexes found

Answer 28

stratum basale

Question 29

how many factors contribute to skin color

Answer 29

3

Question 30

how many factors contribute to skin color

Answer 30

3

Question 31

what factors contribute to skin color

Answer 31

amount of melanin in the epidermis amount of carotene amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin

Question 32

what is albinism

Answer 32

an inherited recessive disorder little or no melanin

Question 33

what is melasma

Answer 33

dark brown symmetric areas on the face and neck

Question 34

what is vitiligo

Answer 34

smooth white patches in skin due to loss of melanocytes

Question 35

what are birthmarks

Answer 35

abnormal blood vessels or malformed pigment cells

Question 36

how % of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma

Answer 36

around 75%

Question 37

describe features of basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

grows very slowly, highly treatable and starts in the basal cell layer of the epidermis

Question 38

what % of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 38

around 20%

Question 39

describe features of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 39

middle aggression, but can be treated

Question 40

what % of skin cancer is melanoma

Answer 40

roughly 5%

Question 41

what % of skin cancer deaths are due to melanoma

Answer 41

73%

Question 42

describe features of melanoma

Answer 42

usually in a mole and spreads quickly

Question 43

what is jaundice

Answer 43

an abnormal yellow skin tone that usually signifies a liver disorder

Question 44

what are the accessory structures

Answer 44

hair skin glands nails

Question 45

what is hair made of

Answer 45

fused keratinized cells

Question 46

what items make up hair

Answer 46

shaft and root

Question 47

name the epidermal glands

Answer 47

sebaceous glands sudoriferous/ sweat gland ceruminous glands

Question 48

what do sebaceous glands do

Answer 48

secrete oily sebum

Question 49

what do ceruminous glands do

Answer 49

produce earwax

Question 50

what are nails made of

Answer 50

packed hard dead keratinized cells

Question 51

what are the functions of the integumentary system

Answer 51

temperature regulation protection sensory reception excretion and absorption vit D synthesis

Question 52

where is aging of the integumentary

Answer 52

mainly dermis

Question 53

what contributes to the aging of the integumentary

Answer 53

loss of collagen fibres, loss of electacity, loss of immune responses, thinning of skin

Question 54

what is acne stimulated by

Answer 54

androgens

Question 55

what induces skin cancer

Answer 55

ultraviolet rays of the sun

Question 56

where is skin cancer most commom

Answer 56

fair skinned and the elderly

Question 57

describe most skin tumours

Answer 57

benign and do not metastasize (spread to other sites)

Question 58

what 2 key factors can contribute to skin cancer

Answer 58

environment and genes

Question 59

name the 3 types of the skin cancer

Answer 59

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma

Question 60

describe basal cell carcinoma

Answer 60

most commom least dangerous arrises from the cells of the stratum basale and eventually invades the dermis

Question 61

how does basal cell carcinoma appear

Answer 61

a small shiny bump that develops a central depression and a beaded pearly edge

Question 62

where does basal cell carcinoma normally occur

Answer 62

on the face

Question 63

how is basal cell carcinoma treated

Answer 63

surgically removed and radiation therapy

Question 64

where does squamous cell carcioma arise from

Answer 64

keratinocytes of the stratus spinosum

Question 65

where does squamous cell carcioma normally appear

Answer 65

scalp, ears, lower lip or back of hand

Question 66

what does squamous cell carcinoma look like

Answer 66

raised reddened scaly appearance

Question 67

how many cancer cases are malignant melanoma

Answer 67

5%

Question 68

where does malignant melanoma arise from

Answer 68

melanocytes of a preexisting mole

Question 69

what is a first degree burn

Answer 69

involves only the epidermis

Question 70

what is a second degree burn

Answer 70

involves the epidermis and part of the dermis but leaves some of the dermis intact

Question 71

what is a third degree burn

Answer 71

the epidermis, dermis and often some deeper tissues are completely destroyed