The kidneys Flashcards
(27 cards)
How do they kidneys make urine ?
by taking waste products out of your blood
What happens to substances in the blood as it passed through the kidneys ?
Substances are filtered out of the blood
What is the process of substances being filtered out of the blood as it passed through the kidneys ?
Filtration
What substances are absorbed back into the blood after being passed thought the kidneys ?
Useful substances:
- Glucose
- Some ions
- The right amount of water
What is the process called when useful substances are absorbed back into the blood ?
Selective reabsorption
What substances are removed from the body in urine ?
Urea
Ions
Water
What happens to proteins that cannot be stored by the body ?
They are broken down into amino acids and any excess amino acids are converted into fats and carbohydrates
What is the process of excess amino acids being turned into fats and carbohydrates and where does it occur ?
It occurs in the liver and involves a process called deamination
What is the waste product of deamination ?
Ammonia
Why is Ammonia converted to urea in the liver ?
Because it is toxic
What happens to urea after the liver ?
It is transported to the kidneys, where it’s filtered out of the blood and excreted from the body in urine
What are Ions ?
Ions such as sodium are taken into the body in food, and the absorbed into the blood
What happens if the ion or water content of the body is wrong ?
It could upset the balance between ions and water, meaning too much or too little water is drawn into cells by osmosis
What is the consequence of having the wrong amount of water ?
It can damage cells or mean they don’t work as well as normal
How are some ions lost ?
In sweat
Why must the right balance of ions in the body be maintained by the kidneys ?
Because the ions lost in sweat are not regulated
What happened to ions after filtration ?
The right amount of ions are reabsorbed into the blood and the rest is removed from the body in urine
What substance does the body have to constant balance coming in against the substance going out ?
water
How do we lost water v
From the skin in sweat and from the lungs when breathing out
How is the water balance due to the fact we can’t control how much we lose in sweat and breathing out ?
The amount of water is balanced by the amount we consume and the amount removed by the kidneys
What hormone is the concentration of urine controlled by ?
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Where does ADH come from ?
It is released into the blood stream by the pituitary gland
How does ADH work to control the concentration of urine ?
The brain monitors the water content of the blood and instructs the pituitary gland to release ADH into the blood according to how much is needed
What is the process of water content regulation controlled by ?
Negative feedback
