The Kidneys And Adrenals

Question 1

Purpose of kidneys

Answer 1

Maintain chemical balance(water.electrolytes BP regulation, pH balance)

Excretes liquid waste prodcuts

Question 2

In relation to spine, where are the kidneys located (what spine number)

Answer 2

T12-L4

Question 3

Length of kidneys

Answer 3

9-12 cm

Question 4

Kidneys in respect to peritoneum

Answer 4

Retroperitoneal

Question 5

Are R/ L kidneys always same size

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Kidneys are ____ to spine aorta and ivc

Answer 6

Lateral

Question 7

Kidneys are ______ to psoas muscle

Answer 7

Anterolateral

Question 8

Kidneys are _____ to quadratus lumborum muscle

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

Poles of kidneys position

Answer 9

Upper pole is post/medial to lower pole

Question 10

Renal parenchyma

Answer 10

Contains cortex and medulla (no capsule/sinus)

Question 11

Renal cortex

Answer 11

Outer parenchyma
Has renal column
Contains functional units

Question 12

What are the functional units of the kidney/ whet are they located

Answer 12

Nephrons in cortex

Question 13

Renal columns AKA/location

Answer 13

Columns of Bertin
Cortex extending between pyramids

Question 14

Medulla AKA

Answer 14

Pyramids, medullary pyramids

Question 15

Medulla appearance on ultrasound

Answer 15

Hypoechoic

Question 16

Medulla shape/how many

Answer 16

Triangular (base:towards cortex, apex: towards sinus)
8-18

Question 17

Renal sinus includes (4)

Answer 17

Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Vessels

Question 18

Renal pelvis appearance on ultrasound

Answer 18

Hyperechoic

Question 19

How many minor/major calyces and where do they receive from

Answer 19

8-18 from apex of pyramids
2-3 from minor calyces

Question 20

Renal pelvis is what

Answer 20

Flared portion of upper ureter

Question 21

Renal pelvis is ___ to renal vessels

Answer 21

Posterior

Question 22

Renal vein is ____ to renal artery

Answer 22

Anterior

Question 23

Ant to post for ureter vein artery in renal sinus

Answer 23

Vaginas are ugly
Vein artery ureter

Question 24

4 coverings of kidneys from deep to superficial

Answer 24

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

Question 25

Renal capsule

Answer 25

Outer layer of kidney

Question 26

Renal fascia AKA/location/ attached to

Answer 26

Gerota’s fascia Between perirenal and pararenal fat Help attach to post abdominal wall

Question 27

Perirenal fat location/continuos fat

Answer 27

Between capsule and renal fascia Continuous with sinus fat

Question 28

Pararenal fat where

Answer 28

Superficial to renal fascia

Question 29

Localized bulge on the lateral border of the LEFT kidney

Answer 29

Dromedary hump

Question 30

Often indents the renal sinus and occurs in varying degree

Answer 30

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin

Question 31

Defect locate at the junction of the upper and middle third of the kidney

Answer 31

Parenchyma junctional defect

Question 32

Congenital fusion of the lower poles of the right and left kidneys

Answer 32

Horseshoe kidney

Question 33

a kidney located outside of the normal renal fossa

Answer 33

ectopic kidney

Question 34

ureters in respect to peritoneum

Answer 34

retroperitoneal

Question 35

do ureters increase or decrease in diameter as they travel to the bladder

Answer 35

decrease

Question 36

ureters are located ____ to the internal iliac arteries

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

ureters are located ____ to the ovaries in the female pelvis

Answer 37

posterior

Question 38

UP junction (full name and what)

Answer 38

ureteropelvic junction between renal pelvis and ureter

Question 39

UV junction (full name and what)

Answer 39

ureterovesicular junction between lower ureters and bladder

Question 40

where do the ureters enter the bladder

Answer 40

posterior inferior aspect of the bladder

Question 41

what makes up the trigone of the bladder

Answer 41

bladder inlets (2): right and left UVJ bladder outlets: urethra

Question 42

superior portion of bladder covered by

Answer 42

peritoneum

Question 43

adrenal glands in respect to peritoneum

Answer 43

retroperitoneal

Question 44

adrenal glands in respect to kidneys

Answer 44

sit on superior pole slightly medial

Question 45

adrenal glands separated from kidneys by _____

Answer 45

perirenal fat and renal capsule

Question 46

3 parts of adrenal glands

Answer 46

capsule cortex medulla

Question 47

right adrenal is ______ to IVC and _____ to right liver

Answer 47

post and lat post and med

Question 48

left adrenal is ___ to pancreatic tail, _____ to splenic vessels, _____ to stomach, _____ to aorta

Answer 48

post post post lateral