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ENT Anatomy > The Larynx > Flashcards

The Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What encloses the larynx?

A

Visceral layer of pre trachea fascia in the neck

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2
Q

What structures are contained within the pre tracheal fascia of the neck?

A 
Larynx
 Strap muscles 
Thyroid gland
Trachea
Oesophagus 
Pharynx 
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
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3
Q

What lies anterior to the visceral pre tracheal fascia of the neck?

A

Thin muscular layer

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4
Q

What is the function of the strap muscles?

A

Accessory muscles of berating

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5
Q

Where is the larynx located in relation to: laryngopharynx, carotid sheath structures and vertebrae?

A

Anterior to laryngopharynx
Between carotid sheath structures
Between C4-C6 vertebral levels

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6
Q

How does the body normally try to prevent aspiration pf material into the respiratory tract?

A

Raising of the larynx towards the oesophagus

Cough reflex if aspiration does occur

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7
Q

What is the skeleton of the larynx composed of?

A

Cartilages suspended from the hyoid bone

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8
Q

What is the function of the cartilages of the larynx?

A

Maintaining potency of URT
Preventing entry of foreign bodies into LRT
Vocal cords/cough reflex to produce sound

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9
Q

What are the three protrusions of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
Superior horn
Inferior horn

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10
Q

What shape is the cricoid cartilage?

A

Full ring shape

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11
Q

What shape is the tracheal cartilage?

A

C shaped ring (muscle bridges)

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12
Q

Where is the cricothyroid joint?

A

Between inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

Where is the cricoaretynoid joint?

A

Between the muscular process of the cretinoid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

What are the processes of the aretynoid cartilage?

A 
Vocal process (anterior) 
Muscular process (posterior)
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15
Q

What are the features of the larynx (superior to inferior)?

A 
Laryngeal inlet (aditus) Laryngeal vestibule 
Saccules 
False vocal cord (vestibular fold) 
Laryngeal ventricle
True vocal cord (Vocal fold) 
Infra-glottic cavity
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16
Q

What is the function of the saccule in the laryngeal vestibule?

A

Produce mucous to lubricate the vocal cords

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17
Q

What is the difference between a vocal ford and a vocal fold?

A

Vocal fold = Vocal cord covered in mucosa

i.e. on a model, you SEE the vocal fold

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18
Q

What are the vocal cords made of?

A

Connective tissue

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19
Q

What are the attachments of the true vocal cords?

A

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

20
Q

What are the attachments of the false vocal cords?

A

Arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis

21
Q

Where is the quadrangular membrane?

A

Between vestibular ligament and epiglottis

22
Q

Where is the conus elasticus?

A

Between cricoid and vocal ligament

23
Q

Where is the laryngoscope placed?

A

Vallecula

Space between epiglottis and tongue

24
Q

What is the glottis?

A

True vocal cords PLUS space in between

25
Q

What is the Rima Glottidis?

A

Space between the vocal cords

26
Q

What is the aryepiglottic fold?

A

Superior border of quadrangular membrane

27
Q

What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

CN X
All supplied by inferior laryngeal nerve
Exception: Cricothyroid = external laryngeal nerve

28
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A 
Cricothyroid muscles 
Thyroarytenoid muslces
Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles 
Arytenoid muscles 
Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles
29
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscles?

A

Tense vocal ligament
Nods thyroid cartilage
Increases pitch of voice

30
Q

What are the attachments of the cricothyroid muscles?

A

Anterolateral cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

31
Q

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

A

Relax vocal ligament

Decreases pitch

32
Q

What are the attachments of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

A

Posterior thyroid to anterior arytenoid cartilage

33
Q

What is the function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Adducts/brings vocal ligaments together

Makes voice quieter

34
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Muscular process of the arytenoid to anterior cricoid cartilage

35
Q

What is the function of the arytenoid muscles?

A

Adducts/brings vocal ligaments together

Makes voice quite by closing rima glottidis

36
Q

What are the attachments of the arytenoid muscles?

A

One arytenoid cartilage to another arytenoid cartilage

37
Q

What are the components of the arytenoid muscles?

A

Oblique band

Transverse band

38
Q

What is the function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Abducts vocal cords

Makes voice louder by opening rima glottidis

39
Q

What are the attachments of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

Posterior cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

40
Q

What is phonation?

A

Producing a sound in the larynx

41
Q

What is articulation?

A

Producing a recognisable sound within the oral or nasal cavities

42
Q

How are oral sounds created?

A

Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and elevates (CN X) to close off entrance to nasopharynx
Air directed through oral cavity
Tongue (CN XII) and teeth/lips (CN VII) produce most vowels and consonants

43
Q

How are nasal sounds created

A

Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and descends (CN X) to close off entrance to oropharynx
Air directed through nasal cavities
Produces “m”, “n” or “ing” depending on tongue (CN XII) and teeth/lips (CN VII) position

44
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the mucosa in the larynx above the folds?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

45
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the mucosa in the larynx below the folds

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

46
Q

How do you clinically test vagus supply to the pharynx?

A

Ask patient to swallow small sip of water
Watch larynx move up and down
Do they splutter?

47
Q

Hw do you clinically test vagus supply to the larynx?

A

Listen to patient speak
Are they hoarse?

Ask patient to cough
Is this normal and powerful?

ENT Anatomy (4 decks)

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