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Specialised Anatomy > ✅The Larynx > Flashcards

✅The Larynx Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the skeletal framework around the larynx?

A
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Ligament
  • Tendon
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2
Q

Are the skeletal framework flexible?

A

Yes, though there are age- related changes

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3
Q

What bone is in the skeletal framework of the larynx?

A

The hyoid bone

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4
Q

What cartilages are in the skeletal framework of the larynx?

A
  • EPIGLOTTAL CARTILAGE
  • THYROID CARTILAGE
  • CRICOID CARTILAGE
  • TRACHEAL CARTILAGE
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5
Q

What is the epiglottis cartilage?

A

Single cartilage behind the hyoid bone and tongue root. Has ability to move up and down. Plays part in sealing off the oral passage

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6
Q

What are fused together at front (angle of thyroid) in the thyroid cartilage?

A

2 plates

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7
Q

Describe the back of the thyroid cartilage

A

Back = 2 long horns upward, 2 small horns downward

2 long horns upward connect to hyoid bone

2 small horns downward connect to the cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

Describe Cricoid Cartilage

A
  • Circular structure.
  • With SIGNET at back.
  • Connects with Thyroid
  • front is known as the arch
  • where it connects to trachea is the boundary of where the larynx ends
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9
Q

Describe the arytenoid cartilage

A
  • Triangular structures connect with cricoid
  • Vocal process connect with vocal folds
  • connect with cricoid, thyroid and epiglottis
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10
Q

What are the 2 processes of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Vocal and muscular

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11
Q

What are the other cartilages

A

Cuneiform cartilages

Corniculate cartilages

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12
Q

What are the two main laryngeal joints?

A

CRICOTHYROID JOINTS
&
CRICOARYTENOID JOINTS

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13
Q

What two things connect at the CRICOTHYROID JOINTS

A

Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

What three ligaments (ceratocricoid) allow such freedom of movement?

A
  • ANTERIOR
  • LATERAL
  • POSTERIOR
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15
Q

What do the ceratocricoid ligaments allow?

A

Rotations

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16
Q

What two things are connected through the CRICOARYTENOID JOINTS

A

Cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

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17
Q

What two ligaments (CRICOARYTENOID) allow such freedom between the cartilages?

A
  • ANTERIOR

- POSTERIOR

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18
Q

What do the CRICOARYTENOID ligaments allow?

A

Rotation and sliding

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19
Q

What are the vocal folds made up of?

A

Vocal ligament + mucous

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20
Q

What do vocal folds connect to?

A

Thyroid (front)

Arytenoid (back)

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21
Q

What is the triangular space between the vocal folds called?

A

The glottis

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22
Q

What makes up the VESTIBULAR FOLDS

A

Vestibular ligament + mucous

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23
Q

What are the vestibular also called?

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A

The false vocal folds

24
Q

What do the false vocal folds connect to?

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A

Thyroid (front)

Arytenoid (back)

25
What is the space between the false vocal folds called?
The false glottis
26
What are the three spaces of the laryngeal cavity?
Ventricles vestibule (supraglottic spaces) Infra (sub) glottis cavity
27
Where is the Ventricles space on the laryngeal cavity?
Between vestibular and vocal folds.
28
What are the two types of laryngeal muscles?
intrinsic and Exctrinsic
29
What are the intrinsic muscles?
* Cricothyroid * Thyroarytenoid * Posterior cricoarytenoid * Lateral cricoarytenoid * Transverse arytenoids
30
What are the extrinsic muscles?
* Suprahyoid * Infrahyoid * Omohyoid * Sternohyoid * Sternothyroid * Thyrohyoid
31
Describe the where cricothyroid muscle is
Runs from cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage.
32
What does the Cricothyroid do?
It tightens vocal folds by lifting at front ( pulling back Down) Higher pitch
33
Where does the Thyroarytenoid & Vocalis run?
Passes from THYROID to VOCAL PROCESS (of ARYTENOIDS)
34
What does the Thyroarytenoid & Vocalis do?
It relaxes and shortens the vocal folds. Lowers pitch
35
What is the vocalis?
The muscular portion of the Vocal folds | -part of Thyroid-arytenoid muscle that insets into vocal ligaments
36
Where does the Posterior cricoarytenoid run?
Back of CRICOID to ARYTENOID
37
What does the Posterior cricoarytenoid do?
Rotates arytenoid, separating vocal folds - voiceless sounds - breathing
38
What are the oblique & transverse arytenoids?
``` Connects the two arytenoids Adduct arytenoids ( closing posterior glottis) ```
39
Where do the Posterior cricoarytenoid run?
CRICOID to ARYTENOID
40
What does the Lateral cricoarytenoid do?
Rotates arytenoid. Main adduct, pulls vocal folds together. Closes the glottis
41
What extrinsic muscles Stabilise and support the larynx?
-Thyrohyoid ••Sternothyroid ••Inferior constrictor
42
What does the thyrohyoid do?
Raise the larynx | -ejectives
43
What does the Sternothyroid do?
Pulls thyroid (larynx) downwards -implosives
44
What does the inferior constrictor do?
Stabilises the larynx
45
What are the suprahyoid and their functions
-Stylohyoid ••Digastric ••Mylohyoid ••Geniohyoid - lift the larynx
46
What are the infrahyoid muscles and their functions?
-Omohyoid -pulls down and back ••Sternohyoid -pulls down
47
What is the main action of the larynx?
Swallowing
48
How does the larynx control swallowing?
Palate raised to close nasal cavity ( levator palatini) .Vocal folds are closed (Lateral cricoarytenoids)
49
What happens during quiet breathing?
Vocal folds are abducted
50
What is forced breathing
Vocal folds are abducted plus relaxation
51
What happens vibration?
Narrowed glottis: LATERAL CRICOARYTENOIDS + TRANSVERSE ARYTENOIDS)
52
What is bigger in men?
Thyroid
53
What is longer and thicker in men?
Vocal folds
54
What are the ventricles known as?
Oil can of the vocal folds
55
Where is the vestibule found (supraglottalic space)?
From the inlet to venstibularfolds
56
Where is the INFRA (sub) GLOTTIC CAVITY found?
Glottis to trachea
57
What happens with pitch?
CRICOTHYROID (stretch), THYROARYTENOID (relax)

Specialised Anatomy (14 decks)

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