The Larynx

Question 1

what is larynx suspended from?

Answer 1

hyoid bone via thyroid membrane

Question 2

what is trachea suspended from?

Answer 2

cricoid cartilage of larynx

Question 3

what are the 3 unpaired cartilage of larynx?

Answer 3

epiglottis
cricoid
thyroid

Question 4

What 1/6 paired cartilage of larynx?

Answer 4

arytenoid

Question 5

why does the larynx have intrinsic muscles?

Answer 5

for speech

Question 6

how many laminae does thyroid cartilage have?

Answer 6

2 laminae with superior and inferior horns

Question 7

what does the inferior horn articulate with?

Answer 7

cricoid cartilage at cricothyroid joints

Question 8

What does the cricoid cartilage have?

Answer 8

anterior arch and posterior lamina

Question 9

What does cricoid cartilage articulate with?

Answer 9

• thyroid cartilage so has lateral facets

- arytenoid so has superior facets

Question 10

What does arytenoid cartilage articulate with?

Answer 10

superior aspect of cricoid lamina

Question 11

what does the cricoarytenoid joint allow?

Answer 11

arytenoid to rotate

Question 12

what shape is epiglottis cartilage?

Answer 12

leaf shaped

Question 13

What is the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 13

runs length of superior border of thyroid cartilage and inserts into hyoid bone

Question 14

What is quadrangular membrane?

Answer 14

runs from superior process of arytenoid cartilage to lateral edge of epiglottic cartilage

Question 15

what is the vestibular ligament?

Answer 15

freen inferior edge of quad. membrane

- membranous core of vestibular folds

Question 16

what does the cricothyroid membrane attach to?

Answer 16

• superior border of cricoid arch

- thyroid cartilage anteriorly

Question 17

what is the upper membrane of the cricothyroid called?

Answer 17

free and thickenes= vocal ligament ,

Question 18

what is the vocal ligament?

Answer 18

membranous core of true vocal cord

Question 19

what is the origin of the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 19

anterolateral aspect of cricoid arch

Question 20

where does the cricothyroid muscle insert?

Answer 20

inferior horn and lower border of thyroid cartilage

Question 21

what does the cricothyroid muscle do?

Answer 21

move cricoid arch and thyroid laminae

- pulls thyroid forward/down

Question 22

what does cricothyroid muscle cause?

Answer 22

increase length in vocal folds (lower pitch) and tension so raises pitch

Question 23

what innervates cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 23

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 24

what is the origin of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

Answer 24

anterior deep surface of thyroid cartilage

Question 25

where does the thyroarytenoid muscle insert?

Answer 25

superior process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 26

what does the thyroarytenoid muscle do?

Answer 26

separate cricoid arch and thyroid laminae

Question 27

what does thyroarytenoid muscle cause?

Answer 27

decrease in length of vocal folds (higher pitch) and tension so lower pitch

Question 28

What innervates thyroarytenoid muscle?

Answer 28

recurrent laryngeal nerve (X)

Question 29

what does the Transverse and Oblique interarytenoid muscles do?

Answer 29

move arytenoids medially

Question 30

What innervates trans/oblique interarytenoid muscles?

Answer 30

recurrent laryngeal nerve (X)

Question 31

What is the origin of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 31

superolateral border of cricoid cartilage

Question 32

where does lateral cricoarytenoid muscle insert?

Answer 32

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 33

what does lateral cricoarytenoid muscle do?

Answer 33

medially rotates arytenoid cartilage so adduction of vocal folds

Question 34

What innervates of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 34

recurrent laryngeal nerve (x)

Question 35

What is the origin of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 35

posterior surface of cricoid lamina

Question 36

where does posterior cricoarytenoid muscle insert

Answer 36

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 37

what does posterior cricoarytenoid muscle do?

Answer 37

laterally rotates arytenoid cartilage so abduction of vocal folds

Question 38

What innervates posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 38

recurrent laryngeal nerve (X)

Question 39

why do we need abduction of folds?

Answer 39

for normal breathing

Question 40

What does the VAGUS nerve do?

Answer 40

provide motor/sensory supply to all muscles of larynx

Question 41

what are branches of vagus nerve?

Answer 41

superior and recurrent laryngeal branches

Question 42

what does the superior laryngeal branch divide into?

Answer 42

internal and external laryngeal nerve

Question 43

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 43

sensation is inferior to vocal folds and motor to all larynx muscles except cricothyroid

Question 44

what does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 44

motor supply to cricothyroid muscle

Question 45

what does the internal laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 45

sensation superior to vocal folds

Question 46

where is recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 46

- arch beneath subclavian artery - ascends in groove between trachea & oesophagus - inferior border of inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx