the liver

Question 1

anatomy of liver in body and function

Answer 1

largest internal organ
-multifunctional organ-
metabolsm
, digestion,
detoxification,
synthesis of bil salts
excretion of bilirubin
phagocytosis
heat production

Question 2

two surfaces diaphragmatic and visceral.
what is the porta hepatis in viseral surface
-what is portal triad

Answer 2

main site where structures supply and drain the liver including protal triad
protal triad= hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein entering the liver
bile duct leaving the liver

Question 3

dual blood supply of the liver
1)hepatic artery
2)hepatic portal vein (main)

Answer 3

1) provide 20-25% of blood flow and is oxygenated blood. provides oxygen to liver cells (hypatocytes)
2) provides 75-80% of blood flow and is deoxygenated blood. carries nutreints/ toxins from GI tract to liver for processig.

Question 4

venous drainage of the liver into the inferioir vena cava

Answer 4

once blood has passed through liver drained into inferioir vena cava by 3 hepatic veins.
delivered by HEPATIC VEINS

Question 5

key features of hepatic portal system

Answer 5

a portal system connects one organ to another without returning to the heart first.
blood draining from GI tract, pancreas and spleen is carried to liver first

Question 6

components of liver lobule
1) hepatocytes (liver cells)
2) sinusoids (cappilary spaces)
3) space of disse
4) stellate cells (found where)
5) kupffer cells (found where)

Answer 6

1) main liver cells
2) capillary spaces between hepatocytes. lined by kupffer cells. large low pressure vessels whi
3) between sinuoids and hepatocytes. bathes hepatocytes in plasma. contains stellate cells
4) found in space of disse. inactive in healthy conditions. stores vitamin A and produce collagen when active. casues fibrosis in disease state.
5) found in sinusoids. macrophages that casue phagocytosis of old red blood cells

Question 7

the specialised capillaries hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein delivers blood to

Answer 7

sinusoids- are large low pressure vessels then drain blood from hepatic vein and artery into central vein

Question 8

the 3 phases of drug metabolism/ detoxification in the liver
phase 1- modification
phase 2- conjugation
phase 3- excretion

Question 9

phase 1- modification
-what enzyme is it preformed by
-where does it occur
-what does it aim to do before phase 2

Answer 9

-cytochrome P450 enzymes causes oxidation
-smooth muscle ER hepatocytes
-aims to make drug more polar

Question 10

phase 2-
-what is the addition
-where does it occur
-what does to do to metabolites for transportation

Answer 10

addition of an ionised group
-occurs in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
-makes metabolite water soluble and inactivates it

Question 11

phase 3-

Answer 11

drug transport and excretion into bile (feaces) or urine

Question 12

what is bilirubin
-where is it processed then excreted
-the consequence of excess plasma bilibrubin

Answer 12

yellow pigment produced by breakdown of heamoglobin.
processed in liver then excreted into liver
-jaundice

Question 13

carbohydate metabolism in liver

Answer 13

maintains normal blood glucose level

Question 14

lipid metabolism in liver and protein metabolism

Answer 14

synthesis of triglycerides and cholestral (steroid hormones) e.g cortisol/ testosterone

Question 15

liver regenration properties

Answer 15

mature hepatocytes undergo cell divison