The lymphatic system Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the major functions of the lymphatic system and immune system?
• Maintains blood volume by transporting leaked fluids back to the blood.
• Provides a defense system against disease
o Houses and facilitates maturation of lymphocytes
o Cleanses lymph of pathogens
• Transports digested lipids from lacteals in the small intestines.
____-causes leakage of fluid from the capillaries, resulting in accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
Blood pressure
___-that is, spaces between individual cells in the tissues
interstitial space
____-drain the excess fluid and empty it back into the bloodstream.
Lymphatic vessels
____-is the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels.
Lymph
____-smallest lymphatic vessels are distributed throughout the body and are in close association with cardiovascular capillaries
o Closed at one end and contain one-way flap-like valves.
o Fluid leaks into lymph capillaries when interstitial pressure is high, and the valves prevent lymph from leaking back out.
Lymph capillaries
____-follow along the path of major blood vessels.
o Collects lymph from lymph capillaries
o Carry lymph to/from lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
_____-largest lymphatic vessels that collect lymph from lymph trunks (medium sized lymph vessels) and drain lymph into the blood.
Lymphatic ducts
Lymphatic ducts:
____-drains lymph from upper right portion of the body into the blood at the right subclavian vein.
Right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic ducts:
____- drains lymph from most of the body (entire left half and lower right portion) into the blood at the left subclavian vein.
Thoracic duct
Lymph Nodes
• Functions to remove ________ from the lymph.
o Any bacteria that infect the interstitial fluid are taken up by the lymphatic capillaries and transported to a regional lymph node
debris and pathogens
Lymph Nodes
• Location
o Clustered along ______-
o Concentrated in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions
lymph vessels
Lymph Nodes
• Structure
o Fibrous CT capsule with trabeculae that extend into the ____
o Stroma (internalframework) consists of reticular CT
Forms ____ in the cortex (superficial layer) containing germinal centers where activated lymphocytes rapidly divide.
Forms ________ deep within the lymph node where plasmocytes the effector B lymphocytes secrete antibodies
Node
- Follicles
- medullary cords
Spleen:
• Functions of the spleen
o Destroys worn out ______
o Contains lymphocytes that initiate immune responses to _______ in the blood
erythrocytes
antigens
Spleen:
• Location
o Left _________?
Left Hypochondriac
Spleen:
• Structure
o Stroma _______
____– contains lymphocytes surrounding central arteries.
______– contains macrophages that engulf worn out erythrocytes.
of reticular CT
- *White pulp
- **Red pulp
_____-location of hematopoiesis and the maturation of B lymphocytes (B clls) to become immunocompetent (capable of becoming activated).
Bone Marrow
Larger in children than adults
Thymus
What is the function of the thymus?
T-cells (T Lymphocytes) complete maturation to become immunocompetent.
What is the location of the thymus
Overlies the anterior/superior portion of the heart in the mediastinum.
Thymus;
• Structure
o Fibrous capsule divides it into two lobes
o ______–outer region contains immature T cells (thymoctes) going through positive selection to promote development of T cells with functional receptors.
o _____–inner region, contains T cells going through negative selection to prevent the development T cells that could attack our own body.
Cortex
Medulla
_____-lymphoid (clusters of leukocytes) tissue found in mucous membranes lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tract.
Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
_____-Arranged in a ring around the pharynx. Contain lymphocytes that destroy and remove pathogens that enter through air and food.
Tonsils
What type of Tonsils is this?
_____– posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsil
