THE MANDATE IN THE 1920s

Question 1

What period does the Second Aliyah refer to?

Answer 1

The Second Aliyah took place between 1904 and 1914.

Question 2

What did the Balfour Declaration promise in 1917?

Answer 2

It promised Britain’s endorsement of Zionism and support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Question 3

Which revolution in 1917 led to widespread anti-Semitic pogroms?

Answer 3

The Russian Revolution led to widespread anti-Semitic pogroms after 1917.

Question 4

Approximately how many Jews were killed in pogroms following the Russian Revolution?

Answer 4

Up to 100,000 Jews were killed in anti-Semitic pogroms after the Russian Revolution.

Question 5

When did the Third Aliyah occur?

Answer 5

The Third Aliyah occurred between 1919 and 1923.

Question 6

Approximately how many Jews immigrated during the Third Aliyah?

Answer 6

Around 40,000 Jews immigrated during the Third Aliyah.

Question 7

Which U.S. act restricted Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe in 1921?

Answer 7

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 restricted Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe to the United States.

Question 8

What ideology influenced Zionist thought after WWI?

Answer 8

Nationalism influenced Zionist thought by emphasizing self-determination after WWI.

Question 9

What event sparked the 1921 Jaffa Riot?

Answer 9

A clash between the Jewish Communist Party and Ahdut Ha’Avoda led to miscommunication that sparked the 1921 Jaffa Riot.

Question 10

In which month and year did the Jaffa Riot take place?

Answer 10

The Jaffa Riot occurred in May 1921.

Question 11

Who was the British High Commissioner during the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 11

Herbert Samuel was the British High Commissioner during the Jaffa Riot.

Question 12

How many Jewish immigrants were turned back by British forces during the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 12

British forces turned back 300 Jewish immigrants on a ship off the coast during the Jaffa Riot.

Question 13

How many Jews were killed in the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 13

47 Jews were killed in the Jaffa Riot.

Question 14

How many Jews were injured in the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 14

146 Jews were injured in the Jaffa Riot.

Question 15

How many Arabs were killed in the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 15

48 Arabs were killed in the Jaffa Riot.

Question 16

How many Arabs were injured in the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 16

73 Arabs were injured in the Jaffa Riot.

Question 17

To which city did many Jews migrate after the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 17

Many Jews migrated from the Old City of Jaffa to Tel Aviv after the Jaffa Riot.

Question 18

What militia did the Yishuv establish after the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 18

The Yishuv established the Haganah militia after the Jaffa Riot.

Question 19

Who was appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 1921?

Answer 19

Amin al-Husayni was appointed Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in 1921.

Question 20

Who was appointed Mayor of Jerusalem in 1921?

Answer 20

Raghib Nashashibi was appointed Mayor of Jerusalem in 1921.

Question 21

Why did the British appoint Raghib Nashashibi as Mayor of Jerusalem?

Answer 21

They appointed him to exploit divisions in Palestinian leadership and favor diplomacy with Britain.

Question 22

What governing body did Britain propose in 1922?

Answer 22

Britain proposed a Government Council in 1922 composed of British officials and local representatives.

Question 23

Why did Palestinian leaders reject the 1922 Government Council?

Answer 23

Because it gave too much power to Britain and failed to address concerns over Jewish immigration.

Question 24

When did the Fourth Aliyah take place?

Answer 24

The Fourth Aliyah occurred between 1924 and 1928.

Question 25

Approximately how many Jews immigrated during the Fourth Aliyah?

Answer 25

About 88,000 Jews immigrated during the Fourth Aliyah.

Question 26

Which demographic made up many Fourth Aliyah immigrants?

Answer 26

Many Fourth Aliyah immigrants were middle-class entrepreneurs and professionals from Eastern Europe.

Question 27

What economic contribution did Fourth Aliyah immigrants make?

Answer 27

They established small businesses and industries, boosting the Yishuv’s economy.

Question 28

Which city experienced rapid growth due to the Fourth Aliyah?

Answer 28

Tel Aviv experienced rapid growth due to the Fourth Aliyah.

Question 29

What was the flashpoint for the 1929 Palestine Riots?

Answer 29

The Western Wall dispute was the flashpoint for the 1929 Palestine Riots.

Question 30

Who controlled the Muslim Waqf in 1929?

Answer 30

Amin al-Husayni controlled the Muslim Waqf in 1929.

Question 31

Which Zionist leader made inflammatory speeches about the Western Wall in 1929?

Answer 31

David Ben-Gurion made inflammatory speeches about the Western Wall in 1929.

Question 32

Which more radical Zionist figure called for violent resistance in 1929?

Answer 32

Ze’ev Jabotinsky called for violent resistance in 1929.

Question 33

On what dates did violence erupt in Jerusalem during the 1929 riots?

Answer 33

Violence erupted in Jerusalem on August 14-15, 1929.

Question 34

On what date did the Hebron massacre occur?

Answer 34

The Hebron massacre occurred on August 23, 1929.

Question 35

How many Jews were killed in the Hebron massacre?

Answer 35

68 Jews were killed in the Hebron massacre.

Question 36

How many Jews were killed in Safed during the 1929 riots?

Answer 36

22 Jews were killed in Safed during the 1929 riots.

Question 37

Which militia increased its militarization after the 1929 riots?

Answer 37

The Haganah increased its militarization after the 1929 riots.

Question 38

Which radical group also militarized after the 1929 riots?

Answer 38

The Irgun also militarized after the 1929 riots.

Question 39

What suspicion did Palestinians have about Britain after the 1929 riots?

Answer 39

They suspected Britain was biased toward the Zionist project.

Question 40

What was the Yishuv?

Answer 40

The Yishuv was the organized Jewish community in Mandate Palestine.

Question 41

Which two rival Jewish factions clashed leading to the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 41

The Jewish Communist Party and the Ahdut Ha’Avoda Party clashed leading to the Jaffa Riot.

Question 42

What did the Haganah later become?

Answer 42

The Haganah later became the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

Question 43

What caused many Jews to flee Eastern Europe for Palestine?

Answer 43

Anti-Semitic pogroms following the Russian Revolution caused many Jews to flee Eastern Europe for Palestine.

Question 44

Why did Palestine become the preferred destination for Jewish immigrants after 1921?

Answer 44

Because the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 severely restricted immigration to the United States.

Question 45

What did the success of the Second Aliyah demonstrate to Zionists?

Answer 45

It demonstrated that Zionist settlement in Palestine was feasible.

Question 46

What consequence did British military intervention have after the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 46

It fueled resentment among Palestinian Arabs toward British rule.

Question 47

What trend toward community relations emerged after the Jaffa Riot?

Answer 47

Increased physical and cultural segregation between Jewish and Palestinian communities emerged.

Question 48

What movement did the Balfour Declaration support?

Answer 48

The Balfour Declaration supported the Zionist movement.

Question 49

What concept from European nationalism influenced Zionism?

Answer 49

Zionism adopted the concept of self-determination from European nationalism.

Question 50

Which act rerouted Jewish immigration away from the U.S. toward Palestine?

Answer 50

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 rerouted Jewish immigration toward Palestine.

Question 51

What was the main grievance of Palestinian Arabs in the 1920s?

Answer 51

Jewish immigration and land purchases were the main grievances of Palestinian Arabs.

Question 52

Which council proposal did Palestinian leaders reject in 1922?

Answer 52

They rejected the British-proposed Government Council of 1922.

Question 53

What key political consequence arose from the 1929 Western Wall dispute?

Answer 53

It escalated violence and deepened Jewish-Arab divisions.

Question 54

Who managed Islamic religious endowments like al-Aqsa Mosque?

Answer 54

The Muslim Waqf managed Islamic religious endowments like al-Aqsa Mosque.

Question 55

What rumor did Amin al-Husayni spread before the 1929 riots?

Answer 55

He spread the rumor that Jews were trying to take control of al-Aqsa Mosque.

Question 56

What heavy-handed method did British use to protect Jewish settlements in 1921?

Answer 56

They used military bombings and troop deployments to protect Jewish settlements.

Question 57

What was a result of the 1929 riots on Jewish defense?

Answer 57

They prompted increased militarization of the Yishuv and formation of defense groups.

Question 58

Who was Herbert Samuel in the context of the 1920s Mandate?

Answer 58

Herbert Samuel was the British High Commissioner in Palestine during the early Mandate.

Question 59

What significant U.S. law did the Emergency Quota Act represent?

Answer 59

It was the first major U.S. immigration restriction law after WWI.

Question 60

Which organization represented Jewish self-defense in the 1920s?

Answer 60

The Haganah represented Jewish self-defense in the 1920s.

Question 61

What was the primary purpose of the Haganah?

Answer 61

To protect Jewish settlements and defend against future attacks.

Question 62

Which tragic event in 1929 confirmed Palestinian perceptions of British bias?

Answer 62

The heavy-handed British response to the 1929 Palestine Riots confirmed these perceptions.

Question 63

What is another name for the Western Wall?

Answer 63

The Kotel is another name for the Western Wall.

Question 64

Who was David Ben-Gurion during the Mandate period?

Answer 64

He was a Zionist leader who influenced policies around the Western Wall.

Question 65

Who was Ze’ev Jabotinsky in the Mandate period?

Answer 65

He was a militant Zionist leader advocating armed resistance.

Question 66

What broader concept did the Balfour Declaration align with?

Answer 66

It aligned with the concept of establishing a Jewish national home.

Question 67

What principle did Zionism borrow from Wilsonian ideals?

Answer 67

It borrowed the principle of national self-determination.

Question 68

What was the main outcome of rejecting the Government Council proposal of 1922?

Answer 68

It solidified Palestinian Arab opposition to British Mandate policies and deepened mistrust.

Question 69

Which event in 1929 spread violence to multiple cities including Hebron and Safed?

Answer 69

The 1929 Palestine Riots spread violence to multiple cities including Hebron and Safed.

Question 70

What major city was targeted by Arab mobs on August 15, 1929?

Answer 70

Jerusalem was targeted by Arab mobs on August 15, 1929.

Question 71

What did the British declare to quell the 1921 Jaffa Riots?

Answer 71

Britain declared a state of emergency to quell the 1921 Jaffa Riots.

Question 72

What consequence did al-Husayni’s appointment have on Palestinian politics?

Answer 72

It made him a key opponent of British policy and Zionism.

Question 73

What long-term division was fueled by Mandate-period events?

Answer 73

Deepened Jewish-Arab segregation was fueled by events during the Mandate.

Question 74

What did Britain hope to achieve by appointing Palestinian notables?

Answer 74

They hoped to divide and weaken Palestinian resistance.

Question 75

Which event prompted the creation of the Haganah?

Answer 75

The 1921 Jaffa Riot prompted the creation of the Haganah.

Question 76

What demographic effect did the Third Aliyah have?

Answer 76

It significantly increased the Jewish population in Palestine.

Question 77

Which symbol did Zionists and Muslims both claim in 1929?

Answer 77

Both claimed the Western Wall as a religious and political symbol.

Question 78

Which governing power administered Palestine under the Mandate?

Answer 78

Britain administered Palestine under the League of Nations Mandate.

Question 79

How did Jewish land purchases affect Palestinian Arabs?

Answer 79

They led to displacement and increased tensions with Palestinian Arabs.

Question 80

Which group did Palestinian Arabs see as teaming with Jews against them?

Answer 80

They saw the British administration and military as teaming with Jews.