The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Sex cells are also called ___.

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

___ is a series of changes during which an egg matures, and the uterus is prepared for possible pregnancy.

Answer 2

The Menstrual Cycle

Question 3

___ regulates the activities of the structures involved in the processes.

Answer 3

Feedback System

Question 4

What is the other term for reproductive or sex organs, specifically the ovaries and testes?

Answer 4

Gonads

Question 5

The menstrual cycle can be divided into two parts: the ___ and the ___.

Answer 5

The follicular phase and the luteal phase

Question 6

The ___ starts on day 1 of menstruation and ends with ovulation (day 14).

Answer 6

Follicular Phase

Question 7

This occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before menstruation starts.

Answer 7

Ovulation

Question 8

The ___ includes the day after ovulation to the day
before your next period.

Answer 8

Luteal Phase

Question 9

Once it releases its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the corpus luteum which produces ___.

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

Our body’s chemical messengers are the ___.

Answer 10

Hormones

Question 11

___ are biological processes that maintain homeostasis or body balance.

Answer 11

Feedback loops

Question 12

___ intensifies a response while ___ reduces the effect of a stimulus.

Answer 12

Positive feedback (INTENSIFIES)

Negative feedback (REDUCES)

Question 13

___ affects the production and release of hormones in the menstrual cycle.

Answer 13

Negative feedback

Question 14

High levels of one hormone may ___ the production of another hormone.

Answer 14

inhibit

Question 15

Hormones affect various processes in the body as they regulate the activities of organs, tissues, and cells. Which of the following statements is true about female
hormones? They _____.
A. act in very small amounts but results to great deal of change in the body
B. lead to growth of facial hair and development of Adam’s apple
C. may cause pain and headaches
D. trigger the development and release of ovum

Answer 15

A. act in very small amounts but results to great deal of change in the body

Question 16

___ prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy

Answer 16

Progesterone

Question 17

What is considered as the most fertile day in a regular menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

14th day

Question 18

It is half-way in the cycle.

Answer 18

Ovulation

Question 19

The periodic or regular shedding of tissues and blood from the inner lining of the uterus is called the ___. It could be described as the discharge of blood from the uterine wall.

Answer 19

Menstruation or period

Question 20

Different girls have different menstruation length, but the usual is ___.

Answer 20

5 to 7 days

Question 21

Uterine lining starts to thicken with new layer of tissue. An egg is developing in the ovary. This is called the ___ and covers the first half of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 21

Follicular Phase

Question 22

If the egg was not fertilized or implantation did not occur, hormonal changes signal the uterus to prepare to shed its lining. This is called the ___.

Answer 22

Luteal phase

Question 23

The length of the menstrual cycle varies from woman to woman but the average cycle is ___.

Answer 23

28 DAYS

Question 24

The follicular phase starts on ___ of menstruation and ends with ___.

Answer 24

Starts on DAY 1,

Ends with OVULATION (DAY 14)

Question 25

The brain (___) sends Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to the ovaries to signal follicles to grow and mature. These follicles produce ___.

Answer 25

Brain (ANTERIOR PITUITARY)... Follicles produce ESTROGEN

Question 26

___ acts on the uterus to stimulate the thickening of the ___ (uterine lining).

Answer 26

ESTROGEN acts... ENDOMETRIUM (uterine lining)

Question 27

When ___ peaks, it signals the brain to release Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This triggers ___.

Answer 27

ESTROGEN peaks... Triggers OVULATION

Question 28

On this day, the mature egg from the follicle travels from the ___ down to the ___ and into the ___.

Answer 28

Travels from the OVARY down to the FALLOPIAN TUBE and into the UTERUS

Question 29

At any time during the egg’s journey, sperm can fertilize it. If fertilization does not occur during this phase, the egg continues to the uterus and dies within ___.

Answer 29

Dies within 6 to 24 hours

Question 30

During the luteal phase, LH and FSH levels ___.

Answer 30

DECREASE

Question 31

Once it releases its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the ___ which produces ___.

Answer 31

New structure called the CORPUS LUTEUM, which produces PROGESTERONE

Question 32

If the egg isn't fertilized, the corpus luteum ___ and estrogen level ___.

Answer 32

Corpus luteum DEGENERATES... Estrogen level DECREASES

Question 33

The hormonal changes of the ___ phase are associated with symptoms of ___ such as pimples, headaches, fatigue, dizziness, mood changes, bloating, pain, swelling of the breasts, and food cravings.

Answer 33

Hormonal changes of the LUTEAL PHASE... Symptoms of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)

Question 34

The menstrual cycle can continue in a woman for ___ stopping temporarily during ___ and resumes after ___.

Answer 34

Continue in a woman for ABOUT 40 YEARS, Stopping temporarily during PREGNANCY, And resumes after GIVING BIRTH.

Question 35

In humans, fertilization normally occurs in the _____.

Answer 35

Fallopian tube

Question 36

What do we call the female sex hormone that is responsible for the development and maintenance of typical female sexual characteristics?

Answer 36

Estrogen

Question 37

During the menstrual cycle, which feedback mechanism keeps levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone relatively stable?

Answer 37

Negative feedback

Question 38

The ability to reproduce begins at _____.

Answer 38

Adolescence

Question 39

Menstruation can be described as the discharge of blood from the _____.

Answer 39

Uterine wall

Question 40

Menstruation is a sign that a girl is _____.

Answer 40

Capable of producing offspring

Question 41

Which hormone helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries?

Answer 41

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 42

Physiological processes are commonly moderated via two distinct feedback mechanisms – positive and negative feedback. Which of the pairs of events and feedback regulation is incorrect? A. Childbirth: positive feedback. B. Lactation: positive feedback. C. Menstruation: negative feedback. D. Ovulation: negative feedback.

Answer 42

D. Ovulation: negative feedback.

Question 43

Prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy

Answer 43

Progesterone

Question 44

The menstrual cycle is influenced by the endocrine system through the complex interaction of the ___, pituitary and gonads (reproductive or sex organs, specifically the ovaries and testes).

Answer 44

Hypothalamus

Question 45

A female can get pregnant although ovulation is a ___ occurrence each month and the ovum can only survive from ___ after ovulation.

Answer 45

1-DAY occurrence... 12-24 HOURS after ovulation

Question 46

Conception can occur within a ___ window, the ___ days leading up to ovulation, and the day of ovulation, because sperm can live in the female body for up to ___ days.

Answer 46

Within a 6-DAY window... 5 DAYS leading up to ovulation... for up to 5 DAYS.

Question 47

Our body's chemical messengers are the ___ produced by the glands of the endocrine system. Endocrine glands pass them straight into the ___.

Answer 47

HORMONES... straight into the BLOODSTREAM

Question 48

Hormones, even in __ amounts, can control many of the changes in the reproductive system including those leading to the menstrual cycle.

Answer 48

Even in LITTLE amounts

Question 49

During the luteal phase, progesterone tends to _____.

Answer 49

RISE

Question 50

High levels of one hormone may ___ the production of another hormone.

Answer 50

INHIBIT

Question 51

What is maintained by the continuous feedback mechanisms in our body?

Answer 51

Homeostasis

Question 52

What is considered as the most fertile day in a regular menstrual cycle?

Answer 52

14th day

Question 53

Which birth control method is BEST used for safe sex?

Answer 53

Condom

Question 54

If two people don't have sex, sperm can't fertilize an egg, and there's no possibility of pregnancy. What is this simplest form of birth control?

Answer 54

Abstinence

Question 55

For how many days in the regular menstrual cycle are females considered to be most fertile?

Answer 55

FIVE days

Question 56

Hormones affect various processes in the body as they ___ the activity of organs, tissues, and cells.

Answer 56

REGULATE

Question 57

During adolescence, males and females change very differently; girls menstruate while boys don’t. The sexually related change common to both sexes is the development of ___.

Answer 57

PUBIC HAIR

Question 58

An egg maybe released from the ovary through a process called ____.

Answer 58

Ovulation

Question 59

Which hormone thickens uterine lining (endometrium) in preparation for implantation, and inhibits FSH and LH?

Answer 59

Progesterone

Question 60

Stimulates follicular growth in ovaries

Answer 60

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 61

Stimulates estrogen secretion from developing follicles (small sac containing eggs)

Answer 61

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 62

Surge causes ovulation

Answer 62

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 63

Results in the formation of a corpus luteum (a structure formed as a mature egg pops out of a follicle)

Answer 63

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 64

Triggers corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

Answer 64

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 65

Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH causing ovulation

Answer 65

Estrogen

Question 66

Stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle

Answer 66

Estrogen

Question 67

The corpus luteum is a structure formed as a ___ egg pops out of a follicle

Answer 67

MATURE egg

Question 68

13. Which of the following doesn’t happen during ovulation? A. A mature egg is released from the ovary. B. A slight increase in body temperature can be observed. C. Cervical mucus increases in volume and becomes thicker. D. Menstrual periods are irregular and can be late for up to 10 days or more.

Answer 68

D. Menstrual periods are irregular and can be late for up to 10 days or more.

Question 69

While menstruation happens in the early part of this phase, the ovaries are simultaneously preparing to ovulate again.

Answer 69

Follicular Phase

Question 70

15. Menstruation is a monthly occurrence. When will there be menstruation? A. when the egg is not fertilized by a sperm B. when the egg is released from the ovary C. when the egg meets the sperm D. when the egg reaches the uterus

Answer 70

A. when the egg is not fertilized by a sperm