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The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

It is a chemical messenger which travels in the bloodstream to activate target cells

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2
Q

Where are the hormones produced?

A

In the glands

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3
Q

How are they carried (endocrine)

A

In the bloodstream

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4
Q

What do hormones travel to?

A

Target cells

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5
Q

Endocrine system:

A

System of glands that produce hormones

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6
Q

Hormones found in pituitary glands:

A

FSH, LH and ADH

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7
Q

FSH:

A

Stimulates egg development and oestrogen secretion

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8
Q

LH:

A

Stimulate ovulation

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9
Q

ADH:

A

Controls water content of blood

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10
Q

What is found in the pancreas:

A

Insulin and glycogen

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11
Q

Insulin:

A

Lower blood glucose level

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12
Q

Glucogen:

A

Raises the blood glucose levels

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13
Q

What is found in the adrenal gland:

A

Adrenaline

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14
Q

Adrenaline:

A

Prepares body for physical activity

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15
Q

What hormones are found in the ovaries:

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone

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16
Q

Oestrogen:

A

Female secondary sexual characteristics

Repair of endometrium

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17
Q

Progesterone:

A

Growth of endometrium

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18
Q

What hormones are found in the testes:

A

Testosterone

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19
Q

Testosterone:

A

Male secondary sexual characteristics

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19
Q

Form of Messages (Nervous System):

A

Electrical Impulses

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20
Q

Form of Messages (Endocrine System):

A

Hormone (chemical)

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21
Q

How is it carried (Nervous System):

A

Via neurons

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22
Q

How is it carried (Endocrine system):

A

Via bloodstream

23
Q

Time it takes for th effect to happen (Nervous system):

A

Fast, usually an instant effect

24
Time it takes for the effect to happen (Endocrine system):
Slow, usually takes a long time to effect
25
Duration of effect (Nervous system):
Short lived
26
Duration of effect (Endocrine system):
Long lasting
27
Is the effect widespread or localised? (Nervous system):
Very individual (individual cells/muscle fibres)
28
Is the effect widespread or localised? (Endocrine system):
Can be widespread (different organs)
29
Ovary:
They release eggs once a month
30
Oviduct:
(=fallopian tube) eggs pass along these tubes and fertilisation occurs here.
31
Uterus:
(=womb) This is where the foetus develops
32
Cervix:
This is the entrance to the womb
33
Vagina:
This is where the sperm is received during intercourse and where babies pass through
34
Day 1 to 5:
Menstrual flow
35
Day 6 to 13:
Egg maturation and repair of endometrium in preparation for the fertilised egg
36
Day 14:
Ovulation
37
Day 15 to 17:
Fertilisation is possible and growth of endometrium
38
Day 18 to 28
Without fertilisation the egg will die and The endometrium breaks down at the end of cycle
39
Day 1 to 5 again:
Menstrual flow
40
What is the endometrium:
Uterus lining, thick tissue with lots of blood vessels
41
What is the function of the endometrium:
Provides nutrients and oxygen to the implanted embryo
42
What is negative feedback:
When an effect is stopped by its own influence
43
Example of Negative Feedback:
Futher oestrogen production is inhibited by oestrogen's inhibitive effect on FSH
44
Positive Feedback:
When an effect is enhanced by its own influence
45
Example of positive feedback:
Futher osteogenesis production is enhanced by oestrogen's stimulatory effect on LH
46
Oral contraception contains:
Progesterone or oestrogen and progesterone
47
Other hormone based contraception: im...
Implants
48
How are implants used?
It is placed underneath the skin For up to 3 years Progesterone
49
Positive of implant:
You don't need to take it everyday
50
Negatives of implant:
Insertion underneath skin | Irregular periods
51
How is the patch used:
On skin Every week for three weeks Estrogen and progesterone
52
Fertility treatment:
Infertility caused by low FSH level | Fertility drugs contain FSH or stimulate FSH production
53
IVF:
1. Fertility drugs are used to make lots of eggs mature at the same time 2. Eggs are collected from the ovaries 3. Egg and sperm are mixed in the petr dish 4. Embryo develop in Petri dish 5. Embryo are checked under microscope 6. Several healthy embryo said are implanted into the uterus
54
Hormone levels during pregnancy:
If an egg is not fertilised the corpus luteum does not break down so progesterone production continues.

Biology (16 decks)

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