Inheritance II

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

= a small region of the DNA (a small part of a chromosome) that counts informations fro making a protein

Question 2

1 amino acid is made up of …

Answer 2

3 bases

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

= chain of amino acids

Question 4

DNA code?

Answer 4

= the rule (code) by which the information encoded in DNA sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence

Question 5

Humans have … chromosomes

Answer 5

22 pairs of somatic chromosomes

1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 6

Each pair of somatic chromosomes consists of …

Answer 6

One chromosome from the father and one from the mother,

Question 7

The chromosomes in each pair are called …

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes, because they contain the same genes

Question 8

Result of mitosis:

Answer 8

Production of 2 geneticalley identical cells (=clones)

Question 9

When is mitosis important?

Answer 9

• to grow more cells (during growth)

- to replace cells (repair)

Question 11

Genetic variation

Answer 11

= genes inherited from parents

Question 12

Environmental variation

Answer 12

= differences caused by the environment

Question 13

Each homologous chromosome has the …

Answer 13

Same type of gene

Question 14

But chromosomes form father and mother may …

Answer 14

Have different version of genes (=alleles)

Question 15

Some alleles are…

Answer 15

Dominant over other alleles

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

= A version of a gene

Question 17

Dominant Gene

Answer 17

= Only one copy is necessary for characteristics to be shown

Question 18

Recessive allele

Answer 18

= 2 recessive alleles are needed (no dominant allele are present) for characteristics to be shown

Question 19

Genotype

Answer 19

= the genetic make-up, i.e. which alleles are present

Question 20

Homozygous

Answer 20

= have 2 identical alleles

Question 21

Heterozygous

Answer 21

= have 2 different alleles

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

= both alleles contribute to the phenotype, so that both characteristics are present at the same time

Question 23

Co-dominance

Answer 23

= both alleles contribute to the phenotype so that both characteristics aren’t present

Question 24

Punnett squares

Answer 24

= a diagram showing genetic cross

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

= special type of cell division by which gametes (sex cells) are made

Question 26

Diploid

Answer 26

= 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 27

Haploid

Answer 27

= 1 set of chromosomes

Question 28

Result of meiosis:

Answer 28

- four genetically different haploid cells (with only 23 chromosomes) - meiosis leads to great variation with gametes

Question 29

What is the purpose of mitosis ?

Answer 29

To make more cells for growth and repair

Question 30

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 30

To make gametes

Question 31

Where dies mitosis take place?

Answer 31

In the whole body

Question 32

Where does meiosis take place?

Answer 32

Ovaries in woman and testis in man

Question 33

How many rounds of cell division are there in mitosis?

Answer 33

1

Question 34

How many rounds of cell division are there in meiosis?

Answer 34

2

Question 35

How many cells are produced in mitosis?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many cells are produced in meiosis?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

What happened to the chromosome number in mitosis?

Answer 37

It remains the same

Question 38

What happens to the chromosome number in meiosis?

Answer 38

It halves

Question 39

Are the parent and daughter cells genetically identical in mitosis?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Are the parent and daughter cells identical in meiosis?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

Are all daughter cells identical in mitosis?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Are all daughter cells in meiosis identical?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Pedigree Tree

Answer 43

= A family tree that records and traces the occurrences if a characteristic in a family

Question 45

Variation

Answer 45

= small difference between, members of the same species