The multi-store model of memory Flashcards
A01
Who designed the multi-store model of memory?
Atkinson & Shiffrin
one of the first models of memory
A01
What is the Multi-store model of memory(MSM)
A representation of how memory works in terms of 3 diff stores
>sensory register
>short term memory
>long-term memory
A01
outline role of the sensory register in MSM
Stores all incoming info from our 5 senses-sight,sound,smell
all stimuli from environment (sound) pass in sensory register
* The SR contains one sub-store for each of the 5 senses
2 main stores:
Iconic memory store-visual info is coded visually
Echoic memory store- auditory info coded acoustically
>Duration of material in SR-less than half second
>SRs high capacity
auditory-sound
A01
outline role of short term memory in MSM
Info in STM is coded acoustically
STM is a limited capacity store of 5-9 items( magic number 7 +-2)
duration of STM 18-30s unless rehearse, so STM is temporary store
Maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat material -can keep info in STM as long as rehearsed
Rehearsed longer can pass to LTM
A01
Outline the role of Long term memory (LTM)
LTM-Potentially permanent store for info that has been rehearsed from prolonged time
LTM coded-semantically
capacity of LTM-unlimited
LTM duration-up to lifetime
MSM states-to recall info from LTM it has to be transferred back into STM by retrieval.
A03
How does info pass through multi-store model of memeory
Sensory information passes from SR to STM via attention
the information then passes from STM to LTM via rehearsal
Info can be passed back from LTM into STM via retrieval
A03
research support for MSM-independent stores for LTM & STM
Strength
Strength of MSM is support from studies showing STM & LTM are different
BADDELEY-found we tends to mix up words that sound similar when using STMs.
But mix up words have similar meanings when using LTMs
showing STM & LTM are seperate & independnet stores, as MSM claim
Counterpoint: many studies that support MSM use materials in studies such as recall of digits,(jabobs) letters & words(baddeley) & consonant syllabeles ( peterson & peterson) which ahave no personal meaning to p
means MSM not valid model of how memory works in everyday lives where we have to remember meaningful info
A03
One limitation of MSM is evidence to suggest that prolonged rehearsal is not needed for tranfer of LTM-Craik & Watkins
Limitation
The MSM suggests *amount of rehearsal *determines the likelihood that info will pass into LTM,(prolonged rehearsal)
Craik & watkins found its the type of rehearsal-elaboratve reheasal is more important
when we link existing info to knowledge, or think about what it means
info is transferred to LTM
thus info can be transfered to LTM without prolonged rehearsal
suggests MSM does not fully explain how LTM storage is achieved.
A03
More than one STM store
Shallice & Warrington
Limitation
Limitation of MSM is evidence of there being more than one STM store
Shallice & Warrington patient KF had amnesia
KF’s STM for digits was poor when read out loud to him , but recall was better when he read the digits himself
further studies of KF showed there could be another STM for non verbal sounds ( e.g noises)
suggesting MSM wrong in claiming there is 1 STM store for processing diff info
