The multi-store model of memory

Question 1

Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 2

What does the multi-store model suggest that memory is made up of?

Answer 2

Three stores linked by processing

Question 3

What are the three stores that the multi-store model of memory suggests memory is made up of?

Answer 3

Sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory

Question 4

What passes into the sensory register?

Answer 4

All stimuli from the environment

Question 5

True/false: The sensory register comprises of several registers (sensory memory stores)

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The sensory register comprises of several registers/sensory memory stores, one for each…

Answer 6

of our five senses

Question 7

Coding in each store of the sensory register depends on what?

Answer 7

The sense

Question 8

In the multi-store model of memory, coding for visual memory is…

Answer 8

iconic memory

Question 9

In the multi-store model of memory, the store coding acoustically is…

Answer 9

echoic memory

Question 10

What is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 10

Less than half a second

Question 11

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 11

Extremely high - there are over one hundred million cells in one eye, each storing data

Question 12

Information passes further into the memory system of the sensory register if…

Answer 12

you pay attention to it

Question 13

How is short-term memory coded?

Answer 13

Acoustically

Question 14

What is the capacity of short-term memory

Answer 14

7 +/- 2 items although Cowan’s research suggests its more like 5 instead of 9

Question 15

True/False: Short-term memory can only contain a certain number of things before forgetting

Answer 15

True

Question 16

How long does short-term memory last without rehearsal?

Answer 16

18 seconds

Question 17

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 17

When we rehearse material ourselves over and over again

Question 18

What is the purpose of maintenance rehearsal

Answer 18

It stays in our STM as long as we rehearse it - before it passes into LTM

Question 19

True/False: It has been proposed that prolonged rehearsal is not needed to transfer to LTM

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True/False: According to the multi-store model of memory, what matters about rehearsal is the amount of it (prolonged rehearsal)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What did Craik & Watkins find about maintenance and prolonged rehearsal?

Answer 21

Type of rehearsal is more important than amount

Question 22

According to Craik & Watkins, elaborative rehearsal is needed for…

Answer 22

Long-term storage

Question 23

According to Craik & Watkins, when does elaborative rehearsal occur?

Answer 23

When you link information to your existing knowledge or when you think about what it means

Question 24

According to Craik & Watkins, information can be transferred to LTM with/without prolonged rehearsal

Answer 24

without

Question 25

What do Craik & Watkins's findings suggest?

Answer 25

The multi-store model does not fully explain how LTM storage is achieved

Question 26

What is the capacity of long-term memory according to the multi-store model?

Answer 26

It is a potentially permanent memory store

Question 27

What kind of information is stored in long-term memory according to the multi-store model?

Answer 27

Information that has been rehearsed for a prolong time

Question 28

How is long-term memory coded?

Answer 28

Semantically

Question 29

What is the duration of long-term memory?

Answer 29

It may be up to a lifetime

Question 30

What was Bahrick et al.'s research that supports the duration of long-term memory potentially being up to a lifetime?

Answer 30

They found that people were able to recognise the names and faces of their school classmates almost 50 years after graduating

Question 31

When we want to recall information from LTM, it has to be...

Answer 31

transferred into STM

Question 32

What is the process of transferring information from LTM into STM in order to recall it known as?

Answer 32

Retrieval

Question 33

Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when we use our STM/LTM

Answer 33

STM

Question 34

Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words with similar meanings with STM/LTM

Answer 34

LTM

Question 35

Studies into coding, capacity and duration show that STM and LTM are combined/separate memory stores

Answer 35

separate

Question 36

Which part of the brain do we now know to be the central memory function?

Answer 36

Hippocampus

Question 37

Which part of his brain did HM have removed?

Answer 37

Hippocampus

Question 38

When HM's memory was assessed, he thought the year was how much younger than he actually was?

Answer 38

27

Question 39

When HM's memory was assessed, he had very little/lots of recall of the operation

Answer 39

very little

Question 40

When HM's memory was assessed, it was found that he could/could not form new long-term memories

Answer 40

could not

Question 41

True/False: HM would read the same magazine repeatedly without remembering and couldn't recall what he had eaten earlier the same day

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True/False: HM performed awfully on tests of STM

Answer 42

False: He performed well on tests of STM

Question 43

Why is the fact that many studies that support MSM don't use materials such as people's faces, names, facts, places, etc. a criticism?

Answer 43

These are the types of memories we make in everyday life

Question 44

What materials did Jacobs use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 44

Digits and letters

Question 45

What materials did Baddeley use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 45

Words

Question 46

What materials did Peterson & Peterson use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 46

Consonant syllables that have no meaning

Question 47

Why may the multi-store model of memory not be a valid model of how memory works in everyday life?

Answer 47

In everyday life we have to remember more meaningful information

Question 48

True/False: There is no evidence of more than one STM store

Answer 48

False, there is evidence of more than one STM store, unlike there only being one as suggested in the MSM

Question 49

Who did Shallice and Warrington study?

Answer 49

KF

Question 50

True/False: KF had amnesia

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Shallice and Warrington found that KF's STM for digits was very good/poor when they were read out loud to him

Answer 51

poor

Question 52

Shallice and Warrington found that KF's STM for digits was much better when they were read out loud to him/he read them to himself

Answer 52

he read them to himself

Question 53

KF and further studies showed there could be another STM store for...

Answer 53

non-verbal sounds such as noises

Question 54

The fact that further studies show there could be another STM store for non-verbal sounds such as noises suggests that the MSM is...

Answer 54

wrong in claiming there is just one STM store processing different information (visual, auditory, etc.)