The Muscular System

Question 1

What is the main function of skeletal muscles ?

Answer 1

Allow for contractions to occur to create and allow movement

Question 2

How many muscles are there in the body ?

Answer 2

600

Question 3

How many parts of the quadricep are there ?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

What are the names of all parts of the quadricep ?

Answer 4

Rectus femoris

Vastus intermedius

Vastus lateralis

Vastus mediallis

Question 5

How many parts does the gastrocnemius have

Answer 5

3

Question 6

What are the names of the gastrocnemius muscles

Answer 6

Gastrocnemius muscle

Soleus muscle

Achilles tendon

Question 7

What is meant by antagonist muscle Action ?

Answer 7

This refers to the role of a muscle that opposes the movement cause by the agonist(the prime mover) during a contraction.

Question 8

What is a sporting example of antagonist muscle action ?

Answer 8

During a bicep curl in weightlifting.

The agonist is the bicep as it contracts to lift the dumbbell

The antagonist is the tricep as it lengthens to allows smooth and controlled movement

Question 9

Name all the antagonistic muscle pairs within the body

Answer 9

Biceps and triceps

Trapezius and pectorals

Abdominals and erects spinal

Deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Hip flexors and gluteus maximus

Quadricep and ham string
Tibialas anterior and gastrocnemius

Question 10

What is the agonist and what is the antagonist ?

Answer 10

Agonist- muscle contracting (working muscle) primarily contracts to cause movement or controls movement

Antagonist- muscle relaxing and lengthening muscle

Question 11

Is the agonist always the muscle that is shortening and give a sporting example

Answer 11

No the agonist isn’t always the muscle shortening

Some movements are performed in controlled and smooth manner- theirfore muscle that lengthens can also be classed as main agonist

E.g when squatting the quadriceps lengthens but still act as the main agonist to control weight

Question 12

How many types of muscular contraction are there ?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

List all types of muscular contraction

Answer 13

Isometric

Eccentric

Concentric

Question 14

What causes for skeletal muscular contractions to occur ?

Answer 14

As a result of a stimulus being sent to the muscles to produce tension

Question 15

What is an isometric contraction ?

Answer 15

Isometric contraction is when the muscles produces force without lengthening or shortening. The result is that no movement occurs- maintain static position (muscle length stays the same)

Question 16

What is a concentric contraction ?

Answer 16

Concentric contraction is when the muscle shortens under tension to produce force
E.g leg extension or knee extension or plantar flexion

Question 17

What is an eccentric contractions ?

Answer 17

Eccentric contractions is when the muscles lengthens whilst under tension(does not relax)

Question 18

How many types of joints are there ?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

List the names of all joints

Answer 19

Synovial joint

Cartilaginous joint

Fibrous joint

Question 20

Define synovial joint

Answer 20

This allows for movement in one or more directions and is the most common of the three joints. Synovial joints have a fluid filled cavity. Surrounded by an articulated capsule

(Freely movable)

Question 21

Define Cartilaginous joint

Answer 21

This allows for small amount of movement. The bone is separated by cartilage. Examples of this type of joint are the ribs joining the sternum and the vertebrae joining to form the spine

(Semi movable)

Question 22

Define fibrous joint

Answer 22

Allows no movement as it’s a complete fixed joint. No joint cavity and they are held together by fibrous connective tissue. Examples of this type of joint can be found in the cranium. Facial bones pelvic girdle

(Immovable)

Question 23

How many parts does the hamstring consist off ?

Question 24

How many types of synovial joints are there ?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

List all 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 25

Ball and socket joint Hinge joint Pivot joint Condyloid joint Gliding joint Saddle joint

Question 26

What are the 7 things for movement analysis you need to know for the exam

Answer 26

Type of muscle contractions Movement pattern/action/joint action Type of joint Main agonist and main antagonist Articulating bones Planes and axis Lever systems

Question 27

What direction can a ball and socket joint allow /

Answer 27

Allows movement in every direction

Question 28

What direction can a hinge joint move in

Answer 28

One direction(forward and backwards)

Question 29

What direction can a pivot joint move in ?

Answer 29

Only allows rotational movement

Question 30

What direction can a Condyloid joint move in ?

Answer 30

Allows movement towards and backwards Allows movement side to side

Question 31

What direction can a gliding joint move in ?

Answer 31

Allows small movement in every direction between two flat surfaces

Question 32

What direction can a saddle joint allow movement in ?

Answer 32

Allows wide range of movement but doesn’t allow rotation Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction