The musculo-skeletal system (analysis of movement) - paper 1

Question 1

what bones make up the head

Answer 1

cranium
maxilla (checkbones)
mendable (jaw)

Question 2

what bones make up the upper body

Answer 2

clavicle (collar bone)
sternum (protects the heart)
scapula (behind the shoulder)
ribcage

arm:
humorous
radius
ulna

fingers:
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

Question 3

what bones make up the hips

Answer 3

illium/pelvis
ischium

Question 4

what bones make up the lower body

Answer 4

legs:
femur
tibia
fibia

knee:
patella (aids with movement)

foot:
talus
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
calcaneus (heel)

Question 5

ball and socket joints

Answer 5

shoulder
hip

Question 6

hinge joints

Answer 6

ankle
knee
elbow

Question 7

what are the skeletal muscle functions

Answer 7

• allow muscle attachment for movement
• mineral storage (calcium and phosphorous)
• protection of vital organs
• formation of joints to allow movement
• production of RBCs
• supports body

Question 8

what are the muscular system functions

Answer 8

• maintains posture
• constricts blood vessels (supporting blood distribution when when contracting muscle presses on veins)
• heat production
• respiration

Question 9

what are the antagonistic muscle pairs (6)

Answer 9

pectorals major + medial deltoid
bicep + tricep
hamstring + quadricep
gastronomes + tibiales anterior
hip flexors + gluteus maximus
anterior deltoid + latissimus dorsi

Question 10

what are the planes and axis

Answer 10

frontal plane + sagittal axis
sagittal plane + transverse axis
transverse plane + longitudinal axis

fish, swim
south, towards
the, lake

Question 11

what occurs in the sagittal plane

Answer 11

flexion and extension

Question 12

what occurs in the frontal plane

Answer 12

abduction and adduction

Question 13

what occurs in the transverse plane

Answer 13

rotation

Question 14

what are the shoulders articulating bones

Answer 14

humorous and scapula

Question 15

what are ankles articulating bones

Answer 15

fibia and talus

Question 16

what are the knees articulating bones

Answer 16

femur and tibia

Question 17

what are the elbows articulating bones

Answer 17

humorous and radius

Question 18

what are the hip articulating bones

Answer 18

illium and femur

Question 19

what is an agonist and antagonist

Answer 19

agonist:
the primary muscle that is moving and contracting within the pair

antagonist:
the relaxed muscle when moving within the pair

Question 20

what is a joint type and joint action

Answer 20

joint type:
the structure and anatomy of the joint

joint action:
the movement that happens at a given joint

Question 21

what joint actions occur at the shoulder

Answer 21

abduction
adduction
flexion
extension
rotation

Question 22

what joint actions occur at the knee

Answer 22

flexion
extension

Question 23

what joint actions occur at the elbow

Answer 23

flexion
extension

Question 24

what joint actions occur at ankle

Answer 24

dorsiflexion
plantar-flexion

Question 25

what joint actions occur at the hip

Answer 25

abduction adduction flexion extension rotation

Question 26

what are the muscle contraction types

Answer 26

eccentric - when muscle lengthen under tension concentric - when muscle shortens under tension isometric - when muscle neither lengthen or shortens under tension

Question 27

when performing a squat during both phases state the joint action type, antagonist pair and muscle contraction at the hip, knee and ankle

Answer 27

upward phase: @HIP joint action - flexion agonist - glutes antagonist - hip flexors contraction - eccentric @KNEE joint action - flexion agonist - quadricep antagonist - hamstring contraction - eccentric @ANKLE joint action - dorsi-flexion agonist - gastronomes antagonist - tibiales anterior contraction - eccentric downward phase: @HIP joint action - extension agonist - hip flexors antagonist - glutes contraction - concentric @KNEE joint action - extension agonist - hamstrings antagonist - quadricep contraction - concentric @ANKLE joint action - plantar-flexion agonist - tibiales anterior antagonist - gastronomes contraction - concentric