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KINE 326-Applied Anatomy > The Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

What are the General Joint Motions?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
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2
Q

What does flexion do?

A

decreases the angle at a joint; rolls the body towards the fetal position

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3
Q

What does extension do?

A

increases the angle at a joint; roll the body away from the fetal position

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4
Q

What does internal rotation do?

A

move anterior surface towards the midline

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5
Q

What does the external rotation do?

A

move the anterior surface away from the midline

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6
Q

What are the Joint Specific Motions of the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion

Inversion and Eversion

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7
Q

What does dorsiflexion do?

A

moves top of the foot towards the tibia; decrease angle between foot and leg

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8
Q

What does plantar flexion do?

A

moves the bottom downwards; increase the angle between leg and foot

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9
Q

What does inversion of the foot do?

A

bottom of the foot turns towards the midline

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10
Q

What does eversion of the foot do?

A

bottom of the foot turns away from the midline

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11
Q

What are the Joint Specific Motions of the hip and shoulders?

A

Horizontal Abduction and Horizontal Adduction

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12
Q

What does horizontal abduction motion do?

A

the segment is moved in the transverse plane, away from the midline

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13
Q

What does the horizontal adduction motion do?

A

the segment is moved in the transverse plane, towards the midline

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14
Q

What are the Joint Specific Motions of the Pelvis?

A 
Posterior Pelvic Girdle Rotation
Anterior Pelvic Girdle Rotation
Left Lateral Pelvic Girdle Rotation
Right Lateral Pelvic Girdle Rotation
Right Transverse Pelvic Girdle Rotation
Left Transverse Pelvic Girdle Rotation
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15
Q

Motions of the pelvis are defined by what?

A

ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)

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16
Q

What does anterior pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

ASIS rotates forward in the sagittal plane; increases space

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17
Q

What does the posterior pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

ASIS rotates backward in the sagittal plane; decreasing space

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18
Q

What does the right lateral pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

right ASIS moves superiorly; conan dance

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19
Q

What does the left lateral pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

left ASIS moves superiorly; conan dance

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20
Q

What does the right transverse pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

right ASIS moves posteriorly; open hips when batting

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21
Q

What does the left transverse pelvic girdle rotation move?

A

left ASIS moves posteriorly; opens hips when batting

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22
Q

What are the Joint Specific Motions of the lumbar?

A

Right Lateral Lumbar Flexion

Left Lateral Lumbar Flexion

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23
Q

What does the right lateral lumbar flexion move?

A

upper body flexes to the right

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24
Q

What does the left lateral lumbar flexion move?

A

upper body flexes to the left

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25
What does reduction do during a lateral lumbar motion?
brings the trunk back to midline; making the position anatomical neutral again
26
What is the name of the spine curvature on the cervical and lumbar regions?
loradodic
27
What is the name of the spine curvature on thoracic and sacral regions?
kyphosis
28
What are the Joint Specific Motions of the shoulder/scapula?
``` Upward Rotation Downward Rotation Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression ```
29
What does the upward rotation of the shoulder move?
the inferior angle moves superiorly and laterally; abduction
30
What does the downward rotation of the shoulder move?
the inferior angle moves inferiorly and medially; adduction
31
what does the protraction movement of the scapula move?
vertebral border of the scapula moves away from the midline; abduction
32
What does the retraction movement of the scapula move?
moves the scapula moves toward the midline; adduction
33
What does elevation do for the scapula?
scapula moves upward
34
What does the depression of the scapula do?
scapula moves down
35
What are the Joint Specific Movements of the Radio-Ulnar ?
Pronation | Supination
36
What is the pronation movement of the radio ulnar joint?
the thumb is positioned on the medial side of the elbow; palm down
37
What is the supination movement of the radio ulnar joint?
the thumb is positioned on the lateral side of the elbow; palm up
38
What are the Joint Specific Motions of the Wrist?
Radial and Ulnar Deviation
39
What is the radial deviation movement?
radial flexion; thumb moves toward the forearm
40
What is the ulnar deviation movement?
ulnar flexion; pinkie moves toward the forearm
41
What is the different layers of a muscle?
``` Muscle Fascicle Fiber Myofibril Myofilaments (myosin and actin) ```
42
Which bundle is non active?
Fascia; its like a rubber band, you have to pull it for a force to be produce
43
What does the epimysium surround?
the entire belly
44
What does the perimysium surround?
the entire fascicle
45
What does the endomysium surround?
the individual muscle fibers
46
What does the sarcolema surround?
the cytoplasm of muscle cell
47
What does the sarcomere surround?
muscle fibers
48
What is the active unit of myosin and actin?
sarcomere
49
What part of the sarcomere moves and what part stays still?
actin moves | myosin stays
50
Sliding Filament Theory
1) myosin crossbridge attaches to actin 2) cross bridge forms contraction 3) force is produced 4) actin and myosin slide past each other 5) sarcomere shortens 6) repeat
51
Where does the max force of a sarcomere occur?
2.0-2.25 micrometers
52
When does the actin move away from the center?
at 2.25-3.6 micrometers
53
When does force production drop?
under 1.65 micrometers
54
What are the different muscle actions?
concentric, eccentric, and isometric
55
What happens during a concentric action?
muscle force is greater than the resistant force; bench pressing normally
56
What happens during a eccentric action?
resistant force is greater than the muscle force; muscle length increases under tension
57
What happens during a isometric action?
total muscle length stays the same under tension
58
What is an isokinetic muscle action?
muscle action where the length of the muscle changes at the same speed throughout the ROM (same speed, variable resistance)
59
What is an isotonic muscle action?
tension of the muscle remains the same through the ROM (variable speed, same resistance)
60
What is an isoinertial muscle action?
external load remains the same throughout the entire ROM
61
What must a muscle produce to move a joint?
force
62
What happens to a joint when force is present?
it rotates
63
What causes a movement?
rotation at a joint
64
Tissue Properties of Muscle
Irritability Contractibility Distensibility Elasticity
65
Stimulation by a chemical neurotransmitter causes what?
irritability
66
Ability to shorten, which is limited by joint ROM?
Contractibility
67
Ability to stretch or lengthen?
Distensibility | "distance"
68
Ability to return to normal state, after lengthening?
Elasticity
69
What develops force from a skeletal muscle?
active contractile
70
How is muscle force transmitted from a skeletal muscle?
tendon to bony insertion
71
What are the two types of skeletal muscle tissue?
muscle and connective
72
What contains active muscle force producing elements?
muscle tissue (contractile)
73
What connects contractile elements to a bone at the distal and proximal ends?
tendon
74
What separates muscle into compartments?
fascia
75
Hill's Muscle Model
SEC-tendon PEC-fascia CC-sarcomere
76
What is the contractile component?
active shortening of muscles
77
What is Parallel Elastic Component?
parallel to the contractile element | CT in the surrounding muscle fibers
78
What is the Elastic Component?
resides in the cross bridges of actin and myosin and in the tendons
79
Explain the Stretch-Shortening Cycle?
rapid eccentric muscle action, followed by a concentric action produces more force -eccentric motion stores the energy like a rubber band -works only if action is spontaneously after one another.
80
Purposes of the Skeletal System?
- protect - facilitate movements; levers - provide attachment sites for muscles - production of RBC
81
What are the Structural Components of Bones?
- second to dentin/enamel as the hardest part of the body - metabolically active throughout life - high vascular - adaptive to mechanical demands - Ca and P makes it hard - collagen fibers allow for pliability - allows for stability and mobility
82
What is viscoelasticity?
is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation
83
What are the 2 Skeletal Systems?
Axial | Appendicular
84
What bones make up the Axial Skeleton?
"central pillar" skull spine thorax
85
What bones make up Appendicular Skeleton?
upper and lower extremities
86
Different Mechanical Loading of Bones?
``` Compression Tension Shear Torsion Bending (look at slide 50) ```
87
Where is the bone the strongest?
along the long axis
88
What does anisotropy mean?
stronger in certain directions
89
Where is the cortical bone found?
found in outer shell along the shaft
90
What bone is better at absorbing bone?
cancellous bone
91
What does tension do to the bone?
the long axis is loaded and it pulls the bone in opposite directions
92
What does compression do to the bone?
the long axis is loaded and the bone pushes towards the center
93
What does Bending do to the bone?
tension on the longer side and compression on the smaller side
94
What does Shear do to the bone?
force in opposite direction across long axis; causes a break on the backside of the bone
95
What does Torsion do to the bone?
force causes a rotation force along the long axis; "spiral fracture"
96
Bone is strongest where?
in compression
97
Bone is weaker in what?
tension
98
Bone is weakest in what?
shear

KINE 326-Applied Anatomy (7 decks)

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