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anatomy lecture > The neck > Flashcards

The neck Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what are the facial layers from superficial to deep

A

skin
superficial cervical fascia (hypodermus)
investing fascia(superficial layer of the deep fascia)
Pretracheal fascia
Prevertebral fascia

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2
Q

what muscle is within the superficial cervical fascia?

A

platysma

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3
Q

what muscle are within the investing fascia aka the superficial layer of the deep facia?

A

sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscle

both innervated by the spinal accessory nerve

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4
Q

what are the three sub facial layers of the pretracheal fascia?

A

muscular
visceral
buccopharyngeal

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5
Q

what muscles are encompassed by the muscular layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A

the infra-hyoid muscles

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6
Q

what is encompassed by the visceral layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A

thyroid gland

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7
Q

where is the buccopharyngeal layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • just deep to the esophagus

- it touches the visceral layer on the medial side of the thyroid gland

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8
Q

what muscles are encompassed in the pre vertebral fascia?

A

deep cervical muscles
levator scapulae
ant. mid. and post. scalene muscles
longus coli muscle

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9
Q

in the anterior portion of the prevertebral fasica what is the fascia called the is superficial to the sympathetic trunk

A

alar fascia

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10
Q

what are the two danger spaces and why are they dangerous?

A

the retropharyngeal space
alar space
-infection can travel down these spaces into the mediastinum with out any barriers

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11
Q

what is the sheath called that surrounds the internal jugular vein, the carotid artery, and the vagus nerve?

A

the carotid sheath

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12
Q

what cervical ventral rami make up the cervical plexus?

A

ventral rami of C1-C4

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13
Q

what ventral rami make up the great auricular nerve and what is their sensory region?

A

C2-C3

by the ear

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14
Q

what ventral rami make up the transverse cervical nerve and what is their sensory region?

A

C2-C3

anterior and lateral neck

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15
Q

what ventral rami make up the supraclavicular nerves and what is their sensory region??

A

C3-C4

just above the clavicle

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16
Q

the Great auricular, transverse cervical, and the supraclavicular nerves are all what type of nerves?

A

cutaneous sensory

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17
Q

what is the loop called that the ventral roots of C1-C3 make and what does it do?

A

ansa cervicalis

innervates the the hyoid muscles (inferior muscles)

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18
Q

what are the two areas of the ansa cervicalis and what ventral rami make them up?

A

the superior root C1 (strap muscles)

the inferior root C2-C3 ( skin of neck)

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19
Q

what is the carotid sinus and the carotid body and where are they?

A

sinus: contains baroreceptors, regulated by the CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
body: chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, pH, temp), regulated by CN IX glossopharyngeal
- found on the internal carotid artery near the carina of the common carotid

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20
Q

how can you tell the difference between the internal and external carotid arteries?

A

the internal doesn’t have branches and the external does

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21
Q

what is the first branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

superior thyroid

feeds: ant. strap muscles, thyroid cart. larynx, thyroid gland and sternocleidomastoid

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22
Q

what is the second branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

ascending pharyngeal

feeds: pharyngeal muscles, inner tympanic region

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23
Q

what is the third branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

lingual

feeds: oral cavity, tongue, epiglottis, and sublingual glands

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24
Q

what is the fourth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

facial
feeds: superior facial muscles, angular and dorsal nasal, infraorbital, sup. and inf. labial, inf. alveolar bone, submental

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25
what is the fifth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?
occipital | feeds: sub occipital muscles, dorsal muscles, skin and scalp
26
what is the sixth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?
posterior auricular | feeds: most inner/middle ear, posterior lateral scalp
27
what is the seventh branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?
the maxillary | feeds: lots of stuff
28
the external carotid branches into two arteries one of which is the maxillary, what is the second branch of the bifurcation and what does it feed?
superficial temporal | feeds: temporal and zygomatic region muscles and bone
29
what does the internal jugular vein drain?
the brain and face and joins with the subclavian vein the form the brachiocephalic vein
30
the common facial vein receives blood from what veins?
maxillary, superior temporal, facial, and anterior division of retromandibular vein
31
what two veins make up the retromandibular vein?
the maxillary and superior temporal veins
32
where does the common facial vein empty into?
the internal jugular vein
33
what veins drain into the external jugular vein? | external also drains into the subclavian vein
the maxillary, superficial temporal (then to posterior retromandibular vein) , and posterior auricular veins. **important to note that the maxillary and superficial temporal veins can both drain into the internal and external jugular veins**
34
what is the anastomoses that allows for the blood to flow into the external or internal jugular vein?
the retromandibular vein anterior branch into internal jugular posterior branch into external jugular
35
Pterygoid plexus also allows blood to drain into where?
cavernous sinus
36
the suprahyoid muscles all do what?
elevate the hyoid bone and can also help depress teh mandible
37
innervation of the ant. and post. digastric bellies of the digastric muscle and where they attach?
ant. : digastric fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon of hyoid bone, innervated by CN V3 mandibular of trigeminal post. : intermediate tendon to digastric notch of temporal bone innervated by CN VII Facial
38
innervation of the stylohyoid muscle and where does it attach?
innervation is facial nerve CN VII | attaches at the styloid process to body near lesser horn of the hyoid bone
39
innervation of mylohyoid muscle and where does in attach?
innervationis CN V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal attaches: mylohyoid line of mandible to the body of hyoid bone * also elevates the base of the tongue and floor of mouth
40
functions of the infrahyoid muscles | and their innervations
they depress the hyoid bone when working with suprahyoid muscles, they can depress the mandible **all innervated by the ansa cervicalis
41
longus coli/ capitus attachment and motion
flex the neck and posture of the neck and attaches to the anterior of the vertebral body
42
scalene muscles attachment movement and innervation
ant. and middle: transverse processes of C3-C7 to 1st rib post. transverse processes of C3-C7 to 2nd rib bilateral flex the neck unilateral tilts head to same side also aids in respiration elevation of 1st and 2nd rib ventral rami of cervical plexus **note the brachial plexus goes in between the anterior and middle scalenes
43
triangles of the neck borders and the two triangles
sternocleidomastoid(SCM) and trapezius | anterior and posterior(between the SCM and traps)
44
posterior triangle external layer has what coming out of it and what is the roof of this triangle?
- the cervical plexus and the external jugular vein | - roof is the investing fascia (superficial layer of the deep fascia)
45
what is the floor of the posterior triangle?
the prevertebral fascia
46
components of the posterior floor
- ant. and middle scalene, brachial plexus(make up interscalene triangle) - posterior scalene - splenius capitius muscle - levator scapulae muscle
47
arteries of the posterior triangle
thyrocervical trunk - transv. cerv. artery - suprascapular artery * * note the thyrocercial trunk comes off the subclavian artery
48
what are the four triangles that make up the anterior triangle?
muscular submental submandibular carotid
49
what is the border of the muscular triangle and what is in it?
sup. belly omohyoid midline SCM contains infrahyoid muscles
50
what is the border of the submental triangle?
L and R ant. digastric and hyoid bone | midline structure
51
what is the border of the submandibular triangle? | and what four things are in it?
``` ant. digastric, post. digastric, and mandible submandibular gland submandibular lymph nodes lingual and facial arteries hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) ```
52
what is the border of the carotid triangle? | and what important structures are found within it?
superior omohyoid, posterior digastric, and SCM - common, external, internal carotid arteries - internal jugular vein - CN X, XI, XII - some of the cervical plexus
53
nerves of the carotid triangle
- glossopharyngeal (CN XI): visceral sensory-carotid sinus and body - Vagus (CN X) visceral sensory: carotid body nerve, sensory and motor - sympathetic trunk: gray rami communicans
54
Visceral triangle
- thyroid/parathyroid - trachea - esophagus
55
components of the thyroid and arteries and veins
left and right lobes isthmus -sup. and inf. thyroid arteries -sup. middle, and inf., thyroid veins *inf. veins come off brachiocephalic veins, sup. and middle come off internal jugular -also gets blood from superior laryngeal artery -innervation from superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve
56
branches off the subclavian artery
``` vertebral artery (posterior) thyrocervical trunk (anterior) ```
57
what two muscles border the vertebral artery
anterior scalene and longus coli
58
the vertebral artery travels through what two major things?
transverse foramina | foramen magnum
59
what are the 4 branches off the thyrocervical artery trunk
inferior thyroid ascending cervical transverse cervical suprascapular
60
where does the thoracic duct drain into?
the subclavian vein just lateral to the internal jugular vein.

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