The Nervous System Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the CNS made up of?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS (Peripheral nervous system) made up of?
Nerves extending around the body
Three functions of the nervous system
Receive stimuli from internal and external environments
Analyse and interpret the stimuli and information
Bring about a necessary response
What does the structure of the brain consist of?
Organ found within the skull
Covered by an outer layer called the cerebral cortex
Curvy bumps called gyri
Shallow grooves called sulci
Deep grooves called fissures
Meninges
What are the 3 layers of protection of the Meninges?
Pia mater
Arachnoid layer
Dura mater
What is the Forebrain?
Largest section, contains cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus
Controls conscious decisions and learning
Also regulates sleep, hunger, thirst, temperature, blood pressure, fluid levels
What is the Midbrain?
Contains the reticular formation and neuron receptors
Controls hearing and sight senses
What is the Hindbrain?
Contains the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and pons
Controls muscle movement, balance and coordination, reflexes. heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure
Roles of the Cerebellum (HB)
Balance
Coordination
Locomotion
Roles of the Pons (HB)
Respiration
Roles of the Medulla Oblongata (HB)
Respiration
Blood pressure
Motor functions
Roles of the Thalamus (FB)
Pain receptors
Touch
Temperature
Sensation
Roles of the Hypothalamus (FB)
Temperature Regulation
Works with pituitary gland to send hormones around body
Eating and drinking behaviours
Roles of the Limbic System (FB)
Long term memory
Emotional behaviour
Olfactory senses
Roles of the Cerebral Cortex (FB)
Alertness
Intelligence
Memory
Temperament
Roles of the Reticular formation (MB)
Controls the level of consciousness, the sleep wake cycle
Roles of the Neuron Receptors (MB)
Takes and processes information from sensory organs
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory
Relay
Motor
What are Afferent nerves?
Make up sensory neurons
Activated by external stimuli
Receives and transmits messages from body to CNS
What are Efferent nerves?
Make up motor neurons
Involved in muscular control in the body
Receives and transmits messages from CNS to body
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or flight response
Heart and respiratory rates increase, blood vessels dilate and glucose levels rise
Hair muscles contract
Gastrointestinal tract activity decreases
What is the Parasympathetic nervous system?
Body systems relax and return to normal activity.
Gastrointestinal tract activity increases so increased salivation and peristalsis
