The Nervous System (Sensory Reception)

Question 1

Sensation occurs when Neural Impulses generated by the stimulation of sensory receptors arrive at the ________ ______

Answer 1

Cerebral Cortex

Question 2

When a ray of sunlight hits your skin, sensory _________ send a message to the brain, which receives and processes this information, causing you to feel warmth

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

Sometimes the brain can filter out redundant sensory information to prevent over-stimulation. This is known as _______ __________

Answer 3

Sensory Adaptation

Question 4

What are the four general categories of Sensory Receptors

Answer 4

1. Photoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors
3. Mechanoreceptors
4. Thermoreceptors

Question 5

What kind of Sensory Receptor is this?
- Stimulated by light (e.g eye receptors)

Answer 5

Photoreceptors

Question 6

What kind of Sensory Receptor is this?
- Stimulated by chemicals (e.g. nose or tongue receptors)

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors

Question 7

What kind of Sensory Receptor is this?
- Stimulated by pressure (e.g. ear receptors)

Answer 7

Mechanoreceptors

Question 8

What kind of Sensory Receptor is this?
- Stimulated by heat/cold (e.g. skin receptors)

Answer 8

Thermoreceptors

Question 9

Vision is associated with the stimulation of ______________ at the back of the eye by light energy

Answer 9

Photoreceptors

Question 10

Rods and Cones in the ______ convert this light energy into electrochemical impulses which the brain uses to form an image

Answer 10

Retina

Question 11

Are Rods concentrated on the side of the Retina or the Center?

Answer 11

SIDE

Question 12

Are Cones concentrated on the side of the Retina or the Center?

Answer 12

CENTER

Question 13

What are the three layers the eye?

Answer 13

1. Sclera
2. Choroid
3. Retina

Question 14

The tough outer layer of the eye

Answer 14

Sclera

Question 15

front of the Sclera
- Protective layer (transparent)

Answer 15

Cornea

Question 16

Light enters the eye and is bent (refracted) through the ______

Answer 16

Cornea

Question 17

unequal curvature of the Cornea

Answer 17

Astigmatism

Question 18

Which layer of the eye is this?
- Middle layer
- Contains blood vessels to nourish the eye
- Dark in colour to absorb light

Answer 18

Choroid

Question 19

Muscle attached to the lens for focusing

Answer 19

Ciliary

Question 20

Pigmented muscle
- controls the amount of light entering the eye

Answer 20

Iris

Question 21

Inner layer of the eye

Answer 21

Retina

Question 22

Forms optic nerve that exits back of the eye (Blind Spot)

Answer 22

Ganglion layer

Question 23

What is in the Photoreceptor layer?

Answer 23

Rods and Cones

Question 24

located on periphery on the eye
- Night vision

Answer 24

RODS

Question 25

Concentrated near center of the eye - Fovea Centralis: most acute vision - Colour Vision

Answer 25

Cones

Question 26

opening in front of the eye

Answer 26

Pupil

Question 27

Adaptation is when PUPIL...

Answer 27

dilates or constricts

Question 28

focuses light on the retina

Answer 28

Lens

Question 29

Accommodation is when LENS _______ shape if objects are near or far

Answer 29

Changes

Question 30

The liquid that maintains Cornea Shape

Answer 30

Aqueous Humour

Question 31

The liquid that maintains Eyeball Shape

Answer 31

Vitreous Humour

Question 32

Light enters the eye through the CORNEA, past the PUPIL and through the ____ which helps focus light

Answer 32

LENS

Question 33

The light pasts through the LENS and strikes photoreceptors in the ______

Answer 33

Retina

Question 34

Photoreceptors relay sensory impulses to the Occipital lobe of the brain via the _____ _____

Answer 34

Optic Nerve

Question 35

______ (nearsightedness) - the inability to see objects at a distance - eyeball is elongated (too long), so focused light falls in front of the retina

Answer 35

Myopia

Question 36

_________ (farsightedness) - the inability to see close objects - eyeball is shortened, so focused light falls behind the retina

Answer 36

Hyperopia

Question 37

Colourblindness is a genetic condition caused by a lack of specific Cones, or ______ receptors - Most color blind individuals lack the Cones which respond to red-green wavelengths, so they cannot perceive those colours (see them as shades of brown)

Answer 37

COLOUR

Question 38

Which part of the ear specializes in HEARING?

Answer 38

Cochlear

Question 39

Which part of the ear specializes in BALANCE?

Answer 39

Semicircular Canals

Question 40

Which part of the ear specializes in PRESSURE?

Answer 40

Eustachean Tube

Question 41

Hearing is associated with fluctuations in air pressure, called...

Answer 41

Sound Waves

Question 42

_______receptors in the fluid-filled inner ear convert the energy of Sound Waves into Electrochemical Impulses which the brain perceives as sound

Answer 42

Mechanoreceptors

Question 43

Balance is associated with movement. Mechanoreceptors in the ear convert the energy of liquid movement into what?

Answer 43

Electrochemical Impulses

Question 44

Sound waves are directed by PINNA to the ________ CANAL, where they strike the TYMPANUM (aka tympanic membrane/ ear drum)

Answer 44

AUDITORY

Question 45

Sound waves push against the TYMPANUM, and vibrations are passed on and amplified by the three ________ (bones).

Answer 45

OSSICLES

Question 46

Vibrations are concentrated on the Oval Window, causing changes in ________ within the organs of the inner ear

Answer 46

Pressure

Question 47

Pressure changes stimulate hair cells found in the ORGAN OF CORTI within the coiled _______

Answer 47

COCHLEA

Question 48

The stimulated hair cells found in the ORGAN OF CORTI within the coiled COCHLEA generates an action potential in the AUDITORY NERVE that is sent to which lobe of the brain?

Answer 48

Temporal Lobe

Question 49

Pressure changes cause waves in the fluid of the Semicircular Canals which act to maintain _______

Answer 49

balance

Question 50

The __________ Tube connects to the throat, allowing air pressure to equalize

Answer 50

Eustachean

Question 51

The tongue contains _____receptors that allow us to taste substances entering the mouth

Answer 51

CHEMOreceptors

Question 52

Impulses from taste buds, where Chemoreceptors are located, then travel to the ________ Lobe

Answer 52

Parietal

Question 53

Each odour particle is thought to fit like a lock&key into specific Chemoreceptors which line the nasal cavity, known as _________ Cells

Answer 53

Olfactory

Question 54

OLFACTORY CELLS transmit signals to the OLFACTORY ____ in the Brain

Answer 54

BULB

Question 55

Perception of movement and body position in space (muscles)

Answer 55

Proprioception