The New Policing Landscape Flashcards
(19 cards)
What characterises the traditional ‘state-centric’ view of policing?
Policing is seen as a state-organised activity
Monopoly on legitimate force -close ties with state (given powers from them in PACE -no other bodies has this right over citizens)
What does ‘state fetishism’ in policing refer to?
The unquestioned belief that policing must be delivered by state agents.
Why is policing considered a ‘public good’ according to the state-centric’ view?
It provides collective benefits that are best managed through public provision
What did Bayley and Shearing (1996) argue about policing?
That there is a fundamental transformation to a different type of policing, where the state plays a much-reduced role
Why was Bayley and Shearing’s theory critiqued?
It was seen as too North American-centric and not reflective of all global contexts (e.g. European cities).
What led Bayley and Shearing to their belief?
The end of public police monopoly.
-rise of private security, informal community led policing (Neighbourhood Watch, crime prevention groups, citizen patrols etc)
An identity crisis for public police
- rise of competing models (e.g. community policing)
-commodification/marketisation (police becoming more like private organisations)
- rise of ‘auxiliary’ personnel (eg. Special Constables, Police Community Support Officers.
What are the four dimensions of plural policing according to Ian Loader?
Beyond government – commercial security (e.g. leisure parks, shopping malls etc)
Above government – transnational policing (e.g. UN, Interpol, Europol)
Below government – citizen-led policing (e.g. Citizen patrols, neighbourhood watch, vigilantism)
Within government – new forms of state policing (eg. PCSOs, neighbourhood wardens), commodification (e.g. private sector management)
How has commercial security expanded?
Numerically (more staff), functionally (police-like duties), and spatially (public/quasi-public spaces).
What is meant by ‘mass private property’?
Large private spaces (e.g. malls, leisure parks) that are policed privately but feel public.
What are regional policing cooperatives, give two examples.
collaborative efforts between neighboring or geographically linked countries to coordinate policing and law enforcement within a specific region (e.g. Europe)
REVI and the Schengen Agreement.
What are global policing agencies, give two examples?
facilitate cooperation between countries across different continents to address crimes that transcend national and regional borders.
Interpol and the UN Police Division.
What technological developments challenge policing today?
Cybercrime, online grooming, digital fraud, ransomware.
How have environmental and social shifts affected policing?
Through events like pandemics, increased inequality, distrust in institutions, and mental health crises.
What are the ongoing concerns in police demand?
Volume crimes are down long-term but serious crimes like knife crime and sexual assault are rising.
What new areas have growing demand?
Cybercrime, terrorism, modern slavery, protests, and safeguarding vulnerable people
How does the polices performance reflect these challenges?
Police detection rates- halved overall (2014-2021); rape detection dropped from 8.5% to 1.5%.
Victim satisfaction- Declined from 42% in 2014 to 32% in 2021.
Public confidence- falling in survey ratings, high profile scandals
Response times- significantly increased
What challenges the 24/7 public police model?
New forms of crime and reduced resources make this model less viable.
How is private policing expanding?
Through outsourcing, private patrols, and predictive policing using AI.
How has Brexit affected policing?
Increased social division and complications in EU police cooperation.
