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Systems: Neurology AB > The Orbit > Flashcards

The Orbit Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What bones form the orbit?

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Ethmoid
  • Maxillary
  • Zygomatic
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2
Q

What are the 3 holes in the orbit?

A
  • Optic foramen
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Inferior orbital fissure
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3
Q

What is the orbit closely related to?

A

Air sinuses

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4
Q

What walls of the orbit are particularly weak?

A

Medial and inferior walls

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5
Q

What makes the walls of the orbit susceptible to injury

A

The presence of the paranasal air sinuses and the thin bone which separates them from the orbit

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6
Q

What cushions the globe?

A

Orbital fat

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7
Q

What does the orbital fat do?

A

Supports the globe

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8
Q

What is the AP length of the eyeball?

A

~24mm

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9
Q

What is the AP length of the orbit?

A

~40mm

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10
Q

When would the eyeball have a protruding appearance?

A

If the orbital fat was hypertrophied such as in thyroid eye disease?

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11
Q

What may very sunken eyes indicate?

A

The person has been losing a lot of body weight as it is one of the last fat reserves to go

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12
Q

What is on the outside of the eyelids?

A

-Skin (typically with hair follicles and sebaceous glands)

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13
Q

What is on the inside of the eyelids?

A

Mucous membrane known as conjunctiva

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14
Q

What must the conjunctiva be able to do?

A

Be wet and secret fluid

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15
Q

What is always found with the eyelashes?

A

Sebaceous glands

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16
Q

What happens when the sebaceous glands get blocked?

A

They get inflamed and enlarged forming styes

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17
Q

What muscle elevates the superior eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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18
Q

What muscle lies just anterior to the LPS and is involved in closing the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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19
Q

What innervates the orbicularis oculi?

20
Q

What plate is located in the eyelid?

21
Q

What is the function of the tarsal plate?

Study These Flashcards
A

To keep the shape and provide firmness to the eyelid

22
Q

What glands are found within the tarsal plate?

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A

Meibomian glands

23
Q

Conjunctiva

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A

Thin vascular membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and loops back over the sclera

24
Q

What does the conjunctiva not cover?

25
Fornix
Area with an angle
26
Why would you not want conjunctiva over the cornea?
The conjunctiva is very vascular and blood vessels especially capillaries often leak which would decrease the amount and quality of light passing through the cornea
27
Conjunctivits
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
28
Where is the lacrimal gland situated?
In the orbit laterally
29
What innervates the lacrimal gland?
Parasympathetic innervation (pre-ganglionic) via the facial nerve
30
What does the lacrimal gland duct open into?
Conjunctival sac
31
What happens when you blink?
The eyelids spread tears evenly on the surface of the cornea
32
Where do tears drain through?
Punctae on the medial side of each eyelid
33
What does the punctae drain into?
Lacrimal sac
34
Where does the lacrimal sac sit?
Over the lacrimal bone
35
What does the lacrimal sac drain into?
Drains through the nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
36
What happens to the lacrimal sac when the orbicularis oculi contracts?
It opens the lacrimal sac when it contracts which creates a negative pressure which sucks in the tears
37
What do intrinsic ocular muscles do?
Control pupil diameter and helps alter lens curvature to enable us to see near objects
38
What do extrinsic ocular muscles do??
Move the eye
39
What does the optic nerve carry?
Visual impulses from the eyeball
40
What does the optic nerve leave the orbit through?
Optic foramen
41
Where does the trochlear nerve arise from?
The dorsal part of the midbrain
42
What ocular muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?
The superior oblique
43
What ocular muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?
- Inferior oblique - Medial rectus - Superior rectus - Inferior rectus - Levator palpebrae superioris
44
Where do the parasympathetic fibres carried by the oculomotor nerve synapse?
Ciliary ganglion in the orbit
45
What ocular muscle does the abducent nerve supply?
Lateral rectus

Systems: Neurology AB (51 decks)

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