Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base Flashcards Preview

Systems: Neurology AB > Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What ventricles are there in the brain?

A
  • The right and left lateral ventricles
  • The third ventricle
  • The fourth ventricle
2
Q

What does the foramen Munro (interventricular foramen) connect?

A

Lateral ventricles to the III ventricle

3
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius connect?

A

III ventricle to IV ventricle

4
Q

What does the IV ventricle empty into the subarachnoid space through?

A
  • Its median aperture, the foramen of Magendie

- Its two lateral apertures, the foramina of Luschka

5
Q

Give examples of venous sinuses found in the brain

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Right and left transverse sinuses
  • Right and left sigmoid sinuses
  • Cavernous sinus
6
Q

What is the incidence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?

A

Rare

7
Q

What can cause cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?

A
  • Infection in the mastoids or orbit
  • OCP
  • Dehydration
  • Cancer
  • Sepsis
  • Myeloproliferative disorders
  • Pregnancy
  • Puerperium
8
Q

What may be found on history and examination of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?

A
  • Headaches (in 92% of patients) with strokes, seizures or decreased conscious state
  • Intracranial hypertension with nausea, vomiting, Papilloedema, visual obscuration
9
Q

What is the treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulation, even if there is haemorrhagic venous infarction

10
Q

What is the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis?

A
  • Usually complete recovery with treatment

- Mortality approx. 10%

11
Q

What bones form the skull base?

A
  • Occipital bone
  • Temporal bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Maxillary and palatine bones if viewed from below
12
Q

What are the openings in the skull base?

A
  • 1 foreman magnum
  • 2 optic canals
  • 2 foramen ovale
  • 2 foramen rotundum
  • 2 jugular foramen
  • Cribriform plate
  • 2 superior orbital fissures
  • 2 internal acoustic meati
  • 2 stylomastoid foramen
  • 2 carotid canals
  • 2 foramen spinosum
13
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A
  • Cervicomedullary junction

- Vertebral arteries

14
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

15
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

V3

16
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

V2

17
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory receptor neurones

18
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  • Oculomotor III
  • Trochlear IV
  • V1
  • Abducens VI
19
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • Facial nerve VII

- Vestibulocochlear VIII

20
Q

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

-Facial nerve VII

21
Q

What passes through the carotid canals?

A

Internal carotid arteries

22
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

23
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

Sigmoid sinus which drains into internal jugular veins