The origins of conflict and the First Crusade 1071-1099 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who was appointed Pope in 1088 and faced opposition from antipope Clement III?
Pope Urban II
Clement III was backed by the powerful German Emperor.
What was one reason for the First Crusade?
To stop Europe from fighting each other and unite under the Pope’s name.
What significant event occurred in 1054 that affected the papacy’s power?
The Great Schism, which split the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
What did Alexius I request at the Council of Piacenza in 1095?
Aid of 500 knights.
When did Pope Urban II deliver his sermon calling for the First Crusade?
Late November 1095.
What is the theory of Just War in the context of the First Crusade?
Penitential warfare, which excuses killing in war as a form of penance.
Who helped Urban II implement the theory of Just War in the crusade?
Mathilda of Tuscany.
What does ‘remissio peccatorum’ refer to?
Remission of sins granted during the crusades.
What was the primary aim of the First Crusade?
To free Jerusalem from Muslims.
Why was Jerusalem significant to Christianity?
It is the site of the Holy Sepulchre and Calvary hill.
What did Alexius I want to establish by requesting knights in 1095?
A buffer between Constantinople and the Turks.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071?
A major loss for the Byzantines, opening Anatolia to Turkish control.
What was the composition of the People’s Crusade?
30,000 lightly armed pilgrims led by Peter the Hermit and Walter sans-Avoir.
What happened to the People’s Crusade at the battle of Civetot?
They were massacred by Kilij Arslan.
How many total members were in the Prince’s Crusade?
Over 100,000.
Who was Godfrey of Bouillon?
A French knight who became the first leader of Jerusalem.
What title did Godfrey of Bouillon refuse to take?
King of Jerusalem.
Who established the County of Edessa?
Baldwin of Boulogne.
What was Bohemond of Taranto’s role in the First Crusade?
He played a key role in the capture of Antioch.
What did the Crusaders achieve in June 1097?
They took Nicaea with the help of the Byzantine blockade.
What was the significance of the Battle of Dorylaeum?
It was a decisive victory for the Crusaders.
What did the Crusaders endure while marching through Anatolia?
Harsh terrain, starvation, and thirst.
Who helped the Crusaders breach the walls of Antioch?
An Armenian named Firouz.
What did Peter Bartholemew claim to have found that boosted Crusader morale?
The lance that pierced Jesus’ side.
