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Emma Repro > The Ovary > Flashcards

The Ovary Flashcards

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1
Q

types of ovarian cysts

A
  • epithelial (serous, mucinous)

- germ cell (dermoid)

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2
Q

ovarian cysts

A
  • unilateral lower quadrant pain
  • achy/crampy pain
  • acute/sharp pain
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3
Q

most common cysts found on ovary

A

functional cysts

  • follicular
  • corpus luteal
  • hemorrhagic corpus luteum
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4
Q

SEVERE unilateral lower quadrant pain

A
  • ruptured ovarian cyst
  • ovarian torsion
  • ectopic pregnancy
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5
Q

when to consider rx for ovarian cysts

A

> 10cm, persistent, symptomatic, concerning features

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6
Q

serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma

A

precursor lesion for a majority of high-grade pelvic cancers

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7
Q

ovarian surface epithelium hypothesis

A

chronic ovulation –> inflammation/repair from endometriosis

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8
Q

ovarian cancer risk fx

A
  • infertility, nulliparity
  • early menarche, late menopause
  • hereditary (BRCA, Lynch)
  • envio (high fat, others)
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9
Q

ovarian cancer: protective factors

A
  • tubal ligation and salpingectomy
  • pregnancy
  • OCPs
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10
Q

ovarian cancer can present with which abnormalities of the abd

A

ascites

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11
Q

ovarian cancer can present with which abnormalities of the pelvis

A

pelvic mass

cul-de-sac modularity

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12
Q

ovarian tumor marker

A

CA-125

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13
Q

CA 125 screening recommendation

A

not recommended for screening among the general population

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14
Q

ovarian cancer spread

A
  • direct extension to pelvic and abd viscera

- lymphatic dissemination

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15
Q

ovarian cancer tx

A
  • surgery/debulking

- chemo (platinum-based)

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16
Q

ovarian staging

A

I-ovaries only
II-pelvic extension only
III-extrapelvic extension
IV-intraparencymal liver mets, pleural effusion

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17
Q

ovarian cancer prognosis

A

age

stage

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18
Q

__% of germ cell ovarian cancer is benign

A

97%

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19
Q

germ cell tumors are more common in

A

young women

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20
Q

types of ovarian germ cell cancers

A
  • immature teratoma
  • dysgerminoma
  • endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac)
  • choriocarcinoma
  • embryonal carcinoma
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21
Q

HCG

A

choriocarcinoma

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22
Q

AFP

A

yolk sac tumors

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23
Q

LDH

A

dysgerminoma

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24
Q

CA-125

A

dysgerminoma
immature teratomas
yolk sac tumors
mixed tumors

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25
germ cell ovarian cancer tx
-feritlity-sparing surgery usually an option
26
female sex cord-stomal ovarian cancer
stromal and granulosa cell
27
male sex cord-stomal ovarian cancer
sertoli and leydig cells
28
follicular cysts
- repro age group - incidental findings or present with menstrual or hormonal abnormalities - rarely ruptures - lined by follicle and theca cells - most regress spontaneously
29
corpus lute cyst
- repro group - delayed resolution of physio corpus luteum - -menstrual irregularities - cyst wall composed of luteinized granulosa cells
30
thick, yellow wall
luteinized granulosa and theca cells
31
endometriosis cyst
- ovary - thick, altered blood (CHOCOLATE CYST) - cyst wall=endometrial-type glands, stroma, hemorrhage/hemosiderin
32
ovarian tumors, malignant or benign
most are benign
33
which tumors of the ovary represent the highest total % and highest total malignant %
epithelial - serous - mucinous - endometrioid - clear cell - transitional cell/Brenner
34
tubal type epithelium
serous epithelial tumor
35
endocervical type epithelium
mucinous epithelial tumor
36
endometrioid type epithelium
endometrioid epithelial tumor
37
secretory type endometrial epithelium
clear cell tumors
38
transitional type epithelium
transitional cell/Brenner
39
surface epithelial tumors show morphology similar to
Fallopian tube/endometrium/cervix | recapitulate cell types formed by Mullerian duct
40
cystadenoma
- unilocular cysts - lined by tubal type epithelium - contain thin, clear serous fluid
41
benign serous cystadenoma histo
benign tubal-type epithelium
42
borderline serous cystadenoma histo
more papillary configuration, no stromal invasion
43
malignant serous cystadenoma histo
complex papillary growth with cytological atypia and stromal invasion
44
malignant serous cystadenoma
derived from serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) cells of the Fallopian tube, which drop off onto the ovary *risk reducing salpingectomy may reduce the incidence of this tumor in high risk patients malignant serous tumors may be cystic or solid papillary growth
45
psammoma bodies
calcified spherules found in any papillary tumor common in serous carcinoma
46
most ovarian gerrm cell tumors are
mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts) - benign, peak 20-30 y/o
47
dermoid cyst
mature teratoma one of the most comm ovarian tumors
48
most common immature element of immature teratoma
neuroepithelium
49
most comm malignant germ cell tumor
dysgerminoma
50
tumor similar to the seminoma of the testis and germinoma of the CNS/mediastinum
dysgerminoma
51
dysgerminoma prognosis
excellent, radiosensitive and usu low stage
52
dysgerminoma histo
``` undifferentiated germ cells nests of lg cells w/ clear cytoplasm central nuclei "fried egg" glycogen/lymphocytes ```
53
the least differentiated germ cell tumor
embryonal carcinoma
54
embryonal carcinoma
highly malignant tumor potential for differentiating towards endodermal sinus tumors, choriocarcinomas or teratomas
55
yolk sac tumor
aka endodermal sinus tumor highly malignant tumor w/ differentiation towards yolk sac structures Schiller-Duval body AFP
56
Schiller-Duval body
ovarian yolk sac tumor | glomeruloid body
57
AFP
prod by ovarian yolk sac tumor used for dx and therapeutic monitoring
58
choriocarcinoma
- a highly malignant tumor, mets widely via bloodstream - 2 types: gestational, ovarian - malignant CYTOTROPHOBLAST and SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST - prod hCG
59
most common of the stromal tumors
fibroma
60
fibroma
- most comm stromal tumor - NON-estrogenic - perimenopausal age group - mass or ascites, esp in larger tumors - Meig's syndrome - benign, look like fibroids, composed of fibroblasts
61
Meig's syndorme
ovarian tumor ascites pleural effusion rare presentation of fibroma
62
Thecoma
- benign, post menopausal | - prod ESTROGEN
63
complications of thecoma
estrogenic side effects - abnml uterine bleeding - endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma - breast changes
64
theca appearance
yellowish color due to stromal theca cell accumulation of lipid
65
granulosa cell tumor
- malignant - occur mainly in postmenopausal patients - fxnl, producing estrogen - typical grooved nucleus ("coffee bean") - small rosettes, recapitulate immature follicles (Call-exner bodies)
66
Call-exner bodies
granulosa cell tumor
67
sertoli stromal tumors
- RARE - young women - usu benign - fxnl, prod androgen
68
ovarian malignant tumors that are metastatic from other sites are commonly from
- other sites in female genital tract (ENDOMETRIUM) - breast - lg intestine - stomach
69
Krukenberg tumor
bilateral metastatic gastric signet cell carcinoma classic metastatic tumor of the ovaries
70
signet ring cells stain with
mucicarmine for mucin

Emma Repro (23 decks)

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