THE PHYSICAL EXAM: TERMS AND FINDINGS Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
drowsy or sleepy disposition
A
somnolent
2
Q
physically wasting or extremely thin
A
cachectic/emaciated
3
Q
large body mass index (BMI)
A
morbidly obese
4
Q
well-appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe well-appearing pediatric patients)
A
non-toxic appearing
5
Q
normal appearance and size of the head
A
normocephalic
6
Q
no signs of trauma present
A
atraumatic
7
Q
bluish discoloration of the skin sue to a lack of oxygen
A
cyanosis
8
Q
an unhealthy paleness of the skin
A
pallor
9
Q
superficial reddening of the skin
A
erythema
10
Q
yellowing of the skin due to abnormal bilirubin build-up
A
jaundice
11
Q
superficial wound to the top most layer of the skin
A
abrasion
12
Q
a region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured (aka bruise)
A
contusion
13
Q
an area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion (aka bruise)
A
ecchymosis
14
Q
a cut in the skin
A
laceration
15
Q
a small hole in the skin
A
puncture
16
Q
round, localized area of edema on the skin
A
wheal
17
Q
(a reaction) rash or hives (irregular, blanch raised areas with redness)
A
wheal-and-flare
18
Q
hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching
A
urticaria
19
Q
rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps)
A
maculopapular
20
Q
small collection of pus under the skin
A
pustules
21
Q
fluid-filled blisters
A
bullae
22
Q
a small round flat dark-red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane
A
petechiae
23
Q
purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed)
A
purpura
24
Q
a hardened area of normally soft tissue
A
induration
25
movable and compressible
fluctuance
26
a benign tumor consisting of blood vessels
hemangioma
27
the transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye
cornea
28
the dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball (except the part covered by the cornea)
sclera
29
white area of the eyes
conjunctiva
30
yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice)
icterus
31
bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels
subconjunctival hemorrhage
32
appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with "follow my finger
Extraocular Movements Intact (EOMI)
33
Normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils, and their reactivity to light
PERRL (pupils equal, round, and reactive to light)
34
swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure
papilledema
35
non-swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of the eye) with an opthalmoscope
Fundi Sharp
36
acuteness/sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart
visual acuity
37
flipping of the eyelid for exam underneath the eyelid
eyelid eversion
38
eyelid membrane is clear
normal palpebral conjunctiva
39
bulging of eyes out of socket
exophthalmos
40
involuntary rapid eye movements (often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary)
nystagmus
41
redness of the outer ear canal
erythema of the external canal
42
excessive earwax
cerumen impaction
43
eardrum
tympanic membrane (TM)
44
red color of the tympanic membrane
erythematous TM
45
protruding/outward curvature of the tympanic membrane
bulging TM
46
inward curve of the tympanic membrane
retracted TM
47
cone of light does not reflect on the tympanic membrane
poor light reflect
48
provider cannot see landmarks behind tympanic membrane
unable to visualize landmarks
49
blood on the tympanic membrane
hemotympanum
50
tenderness over mastoid bones (located posterior to ear)
mastoid tenderness
51
clear nasal drainage
clear rhinorrhea
52
displacement of the nasal septum
septal deviation
53
bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum
septal hematoma
54
dry mouth
dry mucous membranes
55
cut on the tongue
tongue laceration
56
no cuts/chipped teeth/etc.
no signs of oral trauma
57
cavity
dental caries
58
bad teeth
poor dentition
59
infection of the gums (gingiva)
pericoronitis
60
enlargement of the parotid gland (salivary glands that sit in front of the ears)
parotid mass
61
inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles
trismus
62
normal jaw alignment
normal jaw approximation
63
misalignment of the teeth when mouth is closed
malocclusion
64
no deviation of the uvula to one side or another
uvula midline
65
redness of the throat
pharyngeal erythema
66
pus seen on the posterior throat
pharyngeal exudate
67
deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)
peritonsilar abscess
68
abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery
carotid bruit
69
swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)
jugular vein distension (JVD)
70
pain along cervical spine
cervical vertebral tenderness
71
no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated
no step-offs or crepitus
72
swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
73
no deviation of trachea from its usual location
trachea midline
74
patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis
meningismus
75
neck stiffness with neck movement
nuchal rigidity
76
gas or air present under the subcutaneous skin
subcutaneous emphysema
77
crackling/popping sensation that a provider feels under the skin due to air being present in the skin tissue
crepitus (or crepitance)
78
slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute)
bradycardia
79
fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute)
tachycardia
80
an abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart
murmur
81
heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)
systolic murmur
82
heart murmur heard during diastole (active filling or resting)
diastolic murmur
83
faint-sounding heart beat
distant heart sounds
84
coarse sounds produced when the heart "rubs" on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue) during contractions
rubs
85
extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only hear 2 distinct sounds, but you hear 3 or 4 sounds)
gallops
86
abnormally breathing slow
bradypnea
87
abnormally rapid breathing
tachypnea
88
temporary absence or cessation of breathing
apnea
89
increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases
prolonged inspiratory/expiratory phases
90
wet, crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)
rales
91
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed
rhonchi
92
difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways
wheezes
93
harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages
stridor
94
use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress/work of breathing); sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)
intercostal retractions
95
using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscles)
accessory muscle use
96
bloating
distension
97
pregnant
gravid
98
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
99
sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with the belly distended due to extra gas/air in the large or small bowel
tympanitic
100
enlarged organ
organomegaly
101
enlarged liver
hepatomegaly
102
enlarged spleen
splenomegaly
103
(a sign) pain in the right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection
Murphy's sign
104
(a sign) palpation of the left lower quadrant causes right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis
Rovsing's sign
105
(a sign) pain produced with bending of the patient's knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis
Psoas sign
106
(a test) tap the heel to see if it causes pain, also done by having the patient jump up to see if pain is felt in the abdomen; may indicate appenddicitis
Heel Tap test
107
tenderness to palpation in the mid-point of the right lower quadrant (RLQ) which can indicate appendicitis
McBurney's Point Tenderness
108
outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and/or bowl through belly button
umbilical hernia
109
(a sign) bruising in the flank area (lower back area)
Grey Turner's sign
110
(a sign) bruising in the skin around the umbilicus
Cullen's sign
111
angle on the back where kidneys are (healthcare provider taps); left, right, and bilateral; if there is pain then possible kidney pathology
Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT)
112
tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine
paraspinal muscle tenderness
113
tenderness directly over spine
midline tenderenss
114
no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine
no step-offs
115
if the patient performs this test and there's pain, it is indicative of a herniated disk
straight leg raise
116
loss of sensation around buttocks area
saddle anesthesia
117
pain with the movement of the cervix
cervical motion tenderness (CMT)
118
tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
adnexal tenderness
119
cervical os (opening to cervix) is open or closed
Os open or closed
120
vaginal canal
vaginal vault
121
product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc.)
POC
122
protrusion in the groin
inguinal hernia
123
(a reflex) upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch
Cremasteric Reflex
124
inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position
paraphymosis
125
blood present/absent in stool
guaiac (hemoccult)
126
tone of rectal muscles during digital exam
positive/negative rectal tone
127
dark, tarry-like stool containing blood
melena
128
deformity of finger/fingernails due to chronic cyanosis
clubbing
129
pain in certain area of the wrist indicating possible scaphoid bone fracture
Snuff Box Tenderness
130
all these nerves run in the forearm (tested in the hand exam)
median, ulnar, and radial sensory function
131
excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor
pain out of proportion
132
(a test) evaluation for knee instability
Valgus/Varus Stress Test
133
(a sign) pain in calf or popliteal region
Hoffman's Sign
134
persistent indention of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema
pitting edema
135
above/below the knee amputation (indicate R or L)
AKA/BKA
136
loose ligaments
Ligamentous Laxity
137
(a test) rotation of the knee causes pain
McMurray's Test
138
(a test) pivot shift test causes pain
Lachman's Test
139
small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint
bursa
140
loss of ability to express or understand speech
aphasia
141
having a difficult time finding what words to say
dysphasia
142
difficult time communicating or articulation (i.e., slurred speech)
dysarthria
143
patient moves upon painful stimulation
purposeful movements
144
a scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
145
withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied
localizes to pain
146
tested usually by patient gripping healthcare providers fingers (right, left, or bilateral)
grip strength
147
hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)
pronator drift
148
finger to nose exam
dysmetria
149
inability to perform rapid alternating movements
dysdiadochokinesia
150
walking abnormally and/or unsteadily
ataxic gait
151
test for coordination
Heel to Shin test
152
(a test) patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance
Romberg's Test
153
(a test) tests the stability of a patient's gait
Heel Toe Gait
154
A reflex where the HCP swipes the sole of the foot to see if the big toe flexes up
Babinski Sign
155
involuntary/instantaneous movement
reflexes
156
the observed emotional state of a person
affect
157
orientation to person, place, time, and event (A/Ox4)
orientation
158
an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
Hallucinations (auditory or visual)
159
thoughts of suicide or homicide
suicidal or homicidal ideation
