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SHMC EDS > THE PHYSICAL EXAM: TERMS AND FINDINGS > Flashcards

THE PHYSICAL EXAM: TERMS AND FINDINGS Flashcards

1
Q

drowsy or sleepy disposition

A

somnolent

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2
Q

physically wasting or extremely thin

A

cachectic/emaciated

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3
Q

large body mass index (BMI)

A

morbidly obese

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4
Q

well-appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe well-appearing pediatric patients)

A

non-toxic appearing

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5
Q

normal appearance and size of the head

A

normocephalic

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6
Q

no signs of trauma present

A

atraumatic

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7
Q

bluish discoloration of the skin sue to a lack of oxygen

A

cyanosis

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8
Q

an unhealthy paleness of the skin

A

pallor

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9
Q

superficial reddening of the skin

A

erythema

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10
Q

yellowing of the skin due to abnormal bilirubin build-up

A

jaundice

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11
Q

superficial wound to the top most layer of the skin

A

abrasion

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12
Q

a region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured (aka bruise)

A

contusion

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13
Q

an area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion (aka bruise)

A

ecchymosis

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14
Q

a cut in the skin

A

laceration

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15
Q

a small hole in the skin

A

puncture

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16
Q

round, localized area of edema on the skin

A

wheal

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17
Q

(a reaction) rash or hives (irregular, blanch raised areas with redness)

A

wheal-and-flare

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18
Q

hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching

A

urticaria

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19
Q

rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps)

A

maculopapular

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20
Q

small collection of pus under the skin

A

pustules

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21
Q

fluid-filled blisters

A

bullae

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22
Q

a small round flat dark-red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane

A

petechiae

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23
Q

purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed)

A

purpura

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24
Q

a hardened area of normally soft tissue

A

induration

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25
Q

movable and compressible

A

fluctuance

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26
Q

a benign tumor consisting of blood vessels

A

hemangioma

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27
Q

the transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye

A

cornea

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28
Q

the dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball (except the part covered by the cornea)

A

sclera

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29
Q

white area of the eyes

A

conjunctiva

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30
Q

yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice)

A

icterus

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31
Q

bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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32
Q

appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with “follow my finger

A

Extraocular Movements Intact (EOMI)

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33
Q

Normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils, and their reactivity to light

A

PERRL (pupils equal, round, and reactive to light)

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34
Q

swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

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35
Q

non-swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of the eye) with an opthalmoscope

A

Fundi Sharp

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36
Q

acuteness/sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart

A

visual acuity

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37
Q

flipping of the eyelid for exam underneath the eyelid

A

eyelid eversion

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38
Q

eyelid membrane is clear

A

normal palpebral conjunctiva

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39
Q

bulging of eyes out of socket

A

exophthalmos

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40
Q

involuntary rapid eye movements (often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary)

A

nystagmus

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41
Q

redness of the outer ear canal

A

erythema of the external canal

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42
Q

excessive earwax

A

cerumen impaction

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43
Q

eardrum

A

tympanic membrane (TM)

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44
Q

red color of the tympanic membrane

A

erythematous TM

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45
Q

protruding/outward curvature of the tympanic membrane

A

bulging TM

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46
Q

inward curve of the tympanic membrane

A

retracted TM

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47
Q

cone of light does not reflect on the tympanic membrane

A

poor light reflect

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48
Q

provider cannot see landmarks behind tympanic membrane

A

unable to visualize landmarks

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49
Q

blood on the tympanic membrane

A

hemotympanum

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50
Q

tenderness over mastoid bones (located posterior to ear)

A

mastoid tenderness

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51
Q

clear nasal drainage

A

clear rhinorrhea

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52
Q

displacement of the nasal septum

A

septal deviation

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53
Q

bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum

A

septal hematoma

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54
Q

dry mouth

A

dry mucous membranes

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55
Q

cut on the tongue

A

tongue laceration

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56
Q

no cuts/chipped teeth/etc.

A

no signs of oral trauma

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57
Q

cavity

A

dental caries

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58
Q

bad teeth

A

poor dentition

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59
Q

infection of the gums (gingiva)

A

pericoronitis

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60
Q

enlargement of the parotid gland (salivary glands that sit in front of the ears)

A

parotid mass

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61
Q

inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles

A

trismus

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62
Q

normal jaw alignment

A

normal jaw approximation

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63
Q

misalignment of the teeth when mouth is closed

A

malocclusion

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64
Q

no deviation of the uvula to one side or another

A

uvula midline

65
Q

redness of the throat

A

pharyngeal erythema

66
Q

pus seen on the posterior throat

A

pharyngeal exudate

67
Q

deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)

A

peritonsilar abscess

68
Q

abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery

A

carotid bruit

69
Q

swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)

A

jugular vein distension (JVD)

70
Q

pain along cervical spine

A

cervical vertebral tenderness

71
Q

no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated

A

no step-offs or crepitus

72
Q

swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area

A

anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

73
Q

no deviation of trachea from its usual location

A

trachea midline

74
Q

patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis

A

meningismus

75
Q

neck stiffness with neck movement

A

nuchal rigidity

76
Q

gas or air present under the subcutaneous skin

A

subcutaneous emphysema

77
Q

crackling/popping sensation that a provider feels under the skin due to air being present in the skin tissue

A

crepitus (or crepitance)

78
Q

slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute)

A

bradycardia

79
Q

fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute)

A

tachycardia

80
Q

an abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart

A

murmur

81
Q

heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)

A

systolic murmur

82
Q

heart murmur heard during diastole (active filling or resting)

A

diastolic murmur

83
Q

faint-sounding heart beat

A

distant heart sounds

84
Q

coarse sounds produced when the heart “rubs” on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue) during contractions

A

rubs

85
Q

extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only hear 2 distinct sounds, but you hear 3 or 4 sounds)

A

gallops

86
Q

abnormally breathing slow

A

bradypnea

87
Q

abnormally rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

88
Q

temporary absence or cessation of breathing

A

apnea

89
Q

increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases

A

prolonged inspiratory/expiratory phases

90
Q

wet, crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)

A

rales

91
Q

a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed

A

rhonchi

92
Q

difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways

A

wheezes

93
Q

harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages

A

stridor

94
Q

use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress/work of breathing); sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)

A

intercostal retractions

95
Q

using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscles)

A

accessory muscle use

96
Q

bloating

A

distension

97
Q

pregnant

A

gravid

98
Q

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

99
Q

sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with the belly distended due to extra gas/air in the large or small bowel

A

tympanitic

100
Q

enlarged organ

A

organomegaly

101
Q

enlarged liver

A

hepatomegaly

102
Q

enlarged spleen

A

splenomegaly

103
Q

(a sign) pain in the right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection

A

Murphy’s sign

104
Q

(a sign) palpation of the left lower quadrant causes right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis

A

Rovsing’s sign

105
Q

(a sign) pain produced with bending of the patient’s knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis

A

Psoas sign

106
Q

(a test) tap the heel to see if it causes pain, also done by having the patient jump up to see if pain is felt in the abdomen; may indicate appenddicitis

A

Heel Tap test

107
Q

tenderness to palpation in the mid-point of the right lower quadrant (RLQ) which can indicate appendicitis

A

McBurney’s Point Tenderness

108
Q

outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and/or bowl through belly button

A

umbilical hernia

109
Q

(a sign) bruising in the flank area (lower back area)

A

Grey Turner’s sign

110
Q

(a sign) bruising in the skin around the umbilicus

A

Cullen’s sign

111
Q

angle on the back where kidneys are (healthcare provider taps); left, right, and bilateral; if there is pain then possible kidney pathology

A

Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT)

112
Q

tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine

A

paraspinal muscle tenderness

113
Q

tenderness directly over spine

A

midline tenderenss

114
Q

no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine

A

no step-offs

115
Q

if the patient performs this test and there’s pain, it is indicative of a herniated disk

A

straight leg raise

116
Q

loss of sensation around buttocks area

A

saddle anesthesia

117
Q

pain with the movement of the cervix

A

cervical motion tenderness (CMT)

118
Q

tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

adnexal tenderness

119
Q

cervical os (opening to cervix) is open or closed

A

Os open or closed

120
Q

vaginal canal

A

vaginal vault

121
Q

product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc.)

A

POC

122
Q

protrusion in the groin

A

inguinal hernia

123
Q

(a reflex) upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch

A

Cremasteric Reflex

124
Q

inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position

A

paraphymosis

125
Q

blood present/absent in stool

A

guaiac (hemoccult)

126
Q

tone of rectal muscles during digital exam

A

positive/negative rectal tone

127
Q

dark, tarry-like stool containing blood

A

melena

128
Q

deformity of finger/fingernails due to chronic cyanosis

A

clubbing

129
Q

pain in certain area of the wrist indicating possible scaphoid bone fracture

A

Snuff Box Tenderness

130
Q

all these nerves run in the forearm (tested in the hand exam)

A

median, ulnar, and radial sensory function

131
Q

excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor

A

pain out of proportion

132
Q

(a test) evaluation for knee instability

A

Valgus/Varus Stress Test

133
Q

(a sign) pain in calf or popliteal region

A

Hoffman’s Sign

134
Q

persistent indention of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema

A

pitting edema

135
Q

above/below the knee amputation (indicate R or L)

A

AKA/BKA

136
Q

loose ligaments

A

Ligamentous Laxity

137
Q

(a test) rotation of the knee causes pain

A

McMurray’s Test

138
Q

(a test) pivot shift test causes pain

A

Lachman’s Test

139
Q

small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint

A

bursa

140
Q

loss of ability to express or understand speech

A

aphasia

141
Q

having a difficult time finding what words to say

A

dysphasia

142
Q

difficult time communicating or articulation (i.e., slurred speech)

A

dysarthria

143
Q

patient moves upon painful stimulation

A

purposeful movements

144
Q

a scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

145
Q

withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied

A

localizes to pain

146
Q

tested usually by patient gripping healthcare providers fingers (right, left, or bilateral)

A

grip strength

147
Q

hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)

A

pronator drift

148
Q

finger to nose exam

A

dysmetria

149
Q

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

A

dysdiadochokinesia

150
Q

walking abnormally and/or unsteadily

A

ataxic gait

151
Q

test for coordination

A

Heel to Shin test

152
Q

(a test) patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance

A

Romberg’s Test

153
Q

(a test) tests the stability of a patient’s gait

A

Heel Toe Gait

154
Q

A reflex where the HCP swipes the sole of the foot to see if the big toe flexes up

A

Babinski Sign

155
Q

involuntary/instantaneous movement

A

reflexes

156
Q

the observed emotional state of a person

A

affect

157
Q

orientation to person, place, time, and event (A/Ox4)

A

orientation

158
Q

an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present

A

Hallucinations (auditory or visual)

159
Q

thoughts of suicide or homicide

A

suicidal or homicidal ideation

SHMC EDS (9 decks)

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