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endocrine > the pituitary gland > Flashcards

the pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

the hypohalamo-pituitary axis

A

hypothalamus and pituitary are principal organisers of the endocrine system

hypothalamus is part of brain and connected to pituitary gland below

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2
Q

hypothalamus neuroendocrine function

A

part of its function is to release chemicals into blood that act at distal sites

as hypothalamus is made of neural tissue, any chemicals it releases must be neurohormones

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3
Q

hypothalamus

A

integration centre for endocrine systems

connected to pituitary via stalk (infundibulum)

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4
Q

how does hypothalamus communicate with anterior pituitary and poosterior pituitary

A

hypothalamic axons and nerve terminals project to and from posterior pituitaty

connection with anterior pituitary is via neurohormones (via capillary portal system)

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5
Q

pituitary gland

A

bean shaped and size
located in a pocket in sphenoid bone, directly below hypothalamus

2 distinct types of tissues - anterior and posterior

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6
Q

difference between anterior and posterior pituitary

A

posterior is extension of neural tissue

anterior is a true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

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7
Q

anterior pituitary

A

connected to hypothalamus via capillary portal system
also called adenohypophysis
true endocrine, epithelial origin
makes up 2/3rds of glan

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8
Q

posterior pituitary

A

continuation of hyopthalamus, consits of axons and nerve terminals of hypothalamic neurones
secretes neurohormones made in hypothalamus
neuroendocrine
aka neurohypophysus
makes up 1/3 of gland

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9
Q

parta intermedia

A

bit inbetween anterior and posterior pituitary

secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone

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10
Q

tropic hormones

A

tropic hormones govern the release of another hormone

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11
Q

hormone type released from hypothalamus

A

neurohormone

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12
Q

hormone type released from posterior pituitarty

A

neurohormone

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13
Q

hormone type released from anterior pituitary

A

classic endocrine hormones

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14
Q

non-tropic hormones

A

do not have intermediate hormone in pathway

just go off to target and elict a responese

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15
Q

hypothalaic neurohormones: 2 forms

A

non-tropic

tropic

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16
Q

hypothalamic neurohormones: non-tropic

A

neurohormones produced in hypothalamus and travel to posterior pituitary (via axons of hypothalamic neurones) where they are released into blood

17
Q

hypothalamic neurohormones: tropic

A

neurohormones secreted into capillaries travelling to anterior pituitary
govern release of anterior pituitary hormones

18
Q

the hypothalamic non-trophic hormones and posterior pituitary

A

vasopressin (ADH)

oxytocin

19
Q

ADH (vasopressin)

A

maintaines water balance

20
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contraction at parturiton and aids expression of milk in lactating brease

21
Q

hypothalamic trophic hormones: the ‘releasing’ hormones

A 
thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) 
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 
growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) 
gonadotropin realsing hormone (GnRH) 
prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
22
Q

hypothalamic trophic hormones: the ‘inhibiting’ hormones

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) aka somatostatin

dopamine aka prolactin inhibiting hormone

23
Q

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

network of tiny vessels which transfer trophic hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

short distance - rapid and dynamic

24
Q

what is production of anterior pituitary hormones controlled by

A

hypothalamic trophic hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production

25
Q

the anterior pituitary hormomea

A 
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) aka thyrotropin 
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) 
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 
luteinising hormone (LH) 
growth hormone (GH) 
prolactin
26
Q

which of the anterior pituitary hormones are trophic

A 
TSH 
ACTH 
FSH 
LH 
GH
27
Q

what does prolactin do

A

directly stimulates milk production from the breast during lactation

28
Q

long-loop feedback

A

feedback from endocrine target

29
Q

short-loop feedback

A

feedback from anterior pituitary to hypothalamus

30
Q

1ry endocrine disorders

A

those in which the defect is in cells that secrete the hormone

31
Q

2ry endocrine disorders

A

those in which there is too little or too much trophic hormone from pituitary

32
Q

3ry endocrine disorders

A

relate to hypothalamic disorders

33
Q

hyporesponsiveness endocrine disorders

A

alterations in receptor for hormone, disordered post-receptor events. failure of metabolic activation of hormone or antagonistic events

34
Q

hyperresponsiveness endocrine disorders

A

could be due to permissive. effects e.g. thyroid hormone ++ adrenaline meadiated lipolysi s

35
Q

permissive effects

A

the presence of one hormone enhances the effect of another

36
Q

antagonistic effect

A

the presence of one hormone reduces the effect of another

endocrine (19 decks)

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