intro to endocrine

Question 1

endocrine communication

Answer 1

hormone travels in blood to target organ/tissue

tissue detects hormone through specific receptors in/on cell

Question 2

neuroendocrine

Answer 2

nerves release hormones which enter blood and travel to target cell

Question 3

peptide hormones

Answer 3

synthesised as pre-hormone in advance of need then cleaved into pro-hormone and stored in vesicles until required

Question 4

c-peptide

Answer 4

inactive fragment cleaved from insulin pro-hormone

measured to indicate endogenous insulin production from pancreas

Question 5

mechanism of action of peptide hormones

Answer 5

water soluble so dissolve easily in plasma so easy transport in blood
need to bind to membrane receptors to enter cell (due to water solubility)

most modulate either GPCR or tyrosine kinase signalling patheays

Question 6

amine hormones

Answer 6

dopamine
norapenephrine
epinephrine
T3, T4

Question 7

amine hormones are derived from what

Answer 7

amino acid tyrosine

except melatonin which is derived from tryptophan

Question 8

steroid hormones

Answer 8

lipids derived from cholesterol

made directly as needed

Question 9

what are steroid hormones produced by

Answer 9

gonads
placenta
kidney - VitD3
adrenal cortex