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AQA psychology- approaches > the psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

the psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

key assumptions (5)

A
  • unconscious forces in our mind determine our thoughts, feelings and behaviours
  • our behaviour as adults is strongly influenced by our childhood experiences #
  • abnormal behaviours is the result of mental conflict
  • the mind can be divided into 3 levels of consciousness
  • the unconscious mind, which is hidden below the surface, has the most influence on our personality
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2
Q

what is the structure of the psychodynamic personality ?

A

3 parts to our personality (tripartite model of mind )
- the way they develop affects the person we become

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3
Q

Id - age it forms ?

A

birth to 18 months

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4
Q

id- also known as ?

A

the pleasure principle

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5
Q

id - the role ?

A

to seek pleasure

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6
Q

id- brief description ?

A

it is the child like , selfish and hedonistic part of your personality, which focuses on the self

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7
Q

ego - age it forms ?

A

18 months - 3 years

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8
Q

ego - also known as ?

A

the reality principle

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9
Q

ego - role ?

A

delay the id’s drive for pleasure + keeps the balance of the influence between id and super ego

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10
Q

why should neither the id or super ego become dominant in a personality ?

A

because it can adversely affect behaviour and mental health of the individual so the role of the ego is to prevent this from happening

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11
Q

what is located in the ego ?

A

defence mechanisms

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12
Q

super ego - age it forms ?

A

3 years to 6 years old

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13
Q

super ego - also known as ?

A

morality principle

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14
Q

super ego - role ?

A

to act as an individuals conscience

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15
Q

super ego - brief description ?

A
  • opposite of id
  • feels guilt + holds someone back from behaving a certain way it is thought to be wrong
  • helps personality form a moral code
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16
Q

what are defence mechanisms ?

A

defence mechanisms are methods we use unconsciously to reduce anxiety .

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17
Q

what are the 3 defence mechanisms ?

A
  • repression
  • denial
  • displacement
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18
Q

description of repression ?

A
  • an unpleasant memory is pushed into the unconscious mind where it is not accessible to the conscious mind so it cannot cause anxiety but still affects behaviour in the unconscious mind.
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19
Q

what is the repressions effect on behaviour ?

A
  • there is no recall of the event or situation
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20
Q

description of denial ?

A
  • refusal to accept the reality of an unpleasant situation
  • reduces anxiety caused by that situation
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21
Q

what is denials effect on behaviour ?

A

someone may believe that the situation is not negative and therefore it should not cause anxiety
- this is not positive thinking but merely a resistance to accept reality

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22
Q

displacements effect on behaviour ?

A

someone may exhibit very strong emotion but focus it into an uninvolved person or object

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23
Q

what kind of analogy is associated with the role of the unconscious ?

A

the ice berg analogy

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24
Q

what is the iceberg analogy ?

A

Freud said that the conscious mind is merely the tip of the ice berg

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25
Q

what is the role of the conscious ?

A

the part of our mind we can access

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26
Q

what is the role of the pre-conscious ?

A

just below the surface of our conscious

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27
Q

what is the role of the unconscious ?

A

it drives instincts that influence our behavior and personality

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28
Q

how many psychosexual stages are there ?

A

5

29
Q

what happens in each stage
(apart from latency ) ?

A

each stage has a conflict that must be resolved to successfully progress to the next stage

30
Q

what happens if any psychosexual stage is unresolved ?

A

it leads to fixation

31
Q

what does fixation mean ?

A

fixation means that the child becomes ‘stuck’ and carries certain behavior through to adult life

32
Q

what did Freud believe ?

A

Freus also thought that humans progress through ‘psychosexual stages ‘, during the development of the psyche.

33
Q

first psychosexual stage ?

A

oral

34
Q

at what age does the oral stage occur ?

A

0-1 years

35
Q

brief description of oral stage ?

A
  • mouth is the main focus of pleasure during this stage
  • child enjoys tasting and sucking
  • mothers breast is the object of desire
36
Q

successful completion of the oral stage is demonstrated by… ?

A

weaning

37
Q

consequences of unresolved conflict in oral stage ?

A

oral fixation
- sarcastic, critical , sensitive to rejection , over eats , bites nails , smokes, drinks

38
Q

what is the second psychosexual stage ?

A

anal

39
Q

at what age does the anal stage occur ?

A

1-3 years

40
Q

brief description of anal stage ?

A
  • defecation is the main source of pleasure
41
Q

successful completion of anal stage is marked by ?

A

potty training

42
Q

consequences of unresolved conflict in the anal stage ?

A
  • anally retentive
    tidy , stubborn , perfectionist
  • anally expulsive
    thoughtless messy
43
Q

what is the third psychosexual stage ?

A

phallic stage

44
Q

at what age does the phallic stage occur ?

A

3-5 years

45
Q

brief description of phallic stage ?

A
  • main pleasure is the genital area
46
Q

what is meant as the oedipus complex in the phallic stage ?

A
  • boys experience intense sexual feelings for their mother
47
Q

the oedipus complex causes castration anxiety, what is meant by that ?

A

boys are worried that their father will castrate them as he may see them as a rival

48
Q

how is the oedipus complex conflict resolved in the phallic stage ?

A
  • boys identify with their father to reduce anxiety
  • this is known as identification + resolves the conflict
49
Q

what is meant by the electra complex in the phallic stage ?

A

girls experience intense feelings for their father so the mother is seen as a rival

50
Q

what does it mean when girls develop penis envy due to the electra complex ?

A

girls believe their mother has removed their penis so they develop penis envy

51
Q

how is the electra complex conflict resolved ?

A

girls identify with their mothers to reduce anxiety
- known as identification

52
Q

what is the consequence of unresolved conflict in the phallic stage ?

A

a phallic personality
- narsacistic , reckless , possibly homosexual

53
Q

what is the fourth psychosexual stage ?

A

latency

54
Q

what is the latency stage also known as ?

A

the dormant stage

55
Q

at what age does the latency stage occur ?

A

6 - puberty

56
Q

brief description of the latency stage ?

A
  • earlier conflicts are repressed to the unconscious
  • sexual urges are sublimated into sports and other hobbies
  • focus developing same sex friendships
  • no particular requirement for successful completion
57
Q

what is the 5th psychosexual stage ?

A

genital stage

58
Q

at what age does the genital stage occur ?

A

puberty to adulthood

59
Q

what is the main focus of the genital stage ?

A

focus on genitals but not to the extent as phallic stage does

60
Q

what is the task in the genital stage that requires completion ? and when should this happen ?

A

task is to develop healthy adult relationships
- this should happen if earlier stages have been negotiated successfully

61
Q

what is the consequence of unresolved conflict in the genital stage ?

A

difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

62
Q

what case study did Freud believe supported his theory of psychosexual stages ?

A

Little Hans

63
Q

especially which stage did little hans support ?

A

oedipus complex in the phallic stage

64
Q

evaluation little Hans
- how many times did Freud met the boy ?

A

Freud only met the boy once in a therapeutic setting and the information was forwarded by his father , so the source may be potentially biased

65
Q

Evaluation little Hans
- analysis

A

the analysis was seen as immoral and simply inaccurate

66
Q

evaluation of little Hans
- Hans had seen a horse collapse in the street when he had been out walking one day when he was young

A
  • this could have shocked him and thus classically conditioned him so this could have been the source of the phobia - disproving Freud’s analysis
67
Q

Evaluation Little Hans
- his ideas about psychosexual stages were already published

A
  • Little Hans’ father had previously read Freud’s theories prior to his analysis of little Hans and so possibly it could form a biased perspective
  • he could have been looking for evidence to support his ideas rather than looking through unbiased eyes
68
Q
A

AQA psychology- approaches (10 decks)

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