Cognitive approach

Question 1

Key assumptions ?

Answer 1

• internal mental processes (thought processes ) can and should be studied scientifically
• lab studies can be used to investigate what we are thinking
• the mind works like a computer
• the thoughts between stimulus and response need to be considered to understand behaviour

Question 2

The study of internal memtal processes
-what can we not see ?

Answer 2

We cannot see thought processes but we can investigate them scientifically

Question 3

The study of internal mental processes
How can we investigate mental processes scientifically?

Answer 3

Using lab studies

Question 4

The study of internal mental processes
- what do we all make ?

Answer 4

Inferences

Question 5

The study of internal mental processes
- what are inferences ?

Answer 5

Assumptions about what is happening in the mind when we are thinking etc

Question 6

The study of internal mental processes
What do inferences go beyond ?

Answer 6

Inferences is when we g beyond the immediate evidence to make assumptions about mental processes that cannot be directly observed

Question 7

Simons and Chabris
Procedure

Answer 7

228 observers watched the same films that showed 2 teams of 3 basketball players, one team wearing white t-shirts and the others waering black. A basketball was passed and the observers were asked to keep a ta.ly of the number of passes. In a more difficult condition they were asked to tally the number of throws and the number of bounces.
Obsrvers were then immediately asked if there was anything unusual in the film

Question 8

Simons and Chabris
What were the 2 types of video that the observers were shown ?

Answer 8

Type 1- the film was transparent
Type 2 - the film was opaque

Question 9

Simons and Chabris
How many conditions were there ?

Answer 9

There were multiole conditions such as transparent / gorilla and opaque/ umbrella woman

Question 10

Simons and Chabris
Results?

Answer 10

54% of the observers noticed the gorilla or the woman
- more noticed it jn the opaque condition
- when task was harder (transparent) slightly less noticed the unexpected event

Question 11

What are Schemas ?

Answer 11

Cognitive representation of our ideas/ knowledge about anything

Question 12

What do schemas provide ?

Answer 12

Schemas provide a mental framework of knowledge similar to a mind mapmof knowledge

Question 13

Why are schemas unique to each individual ?

Answer 13

Because they are formed through experiences

Question 14

The role of schemas ?

Answer 14

• schema help us to predict what will happen in our world based on our experiences
• schemas enable us to process vast amounts of info rapidly

Question 15

What do schemas prevent ud from becoming ?

Answer 15

Schemas prevent us from becoming oberwhelmed by environmental stimuli

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of schemas ?

Answer 16

Schemas can distort our interpretations of sensory info
Schemas lead to perceptual errors or inaccurate EWT / memories
Schemas can cause biased recall

Question 17

What can negative/ faulty schemas have a negative impact on ?

Answer 17

Mental health

Question 18

Why do we use models in psychology?

Answer 18

Models are used to explain and make inferences about mental processes

Question 19

What do theoretical models help us to explain?

Answer 19

They help to explain complex ingernal mental processes for example th emulti store model explains a concept taht we cannot see

Question 20

State the informational processing model

Answer 20

Input —-> processing —–> output

Question 21

Input

Answer 21

From the environment via the senses

Question 22

Processing

Answer 22

Information is encoded and processed e.g using a schema

Question 23

Output

Answer 23

Observable behaviour

Question 24

Key assumptions of theoretical and computer models
How does the brain process info ?

Answer 24

The brain processes information like a computer

Question 25

Key assumptions of theoretical and computer models
What is the central processing unit ?

Answer 25

The brain

Question 26

Key assumptions of theoretical and computer models
Coding ?

Answer 26

To turn info into a useful format

Question 27

Key assumptions of theoretical and computer models
Stores ?

Answer 27

To hold different chunks of info

Question 28

Key assumptions of theoretical and computer models
Retreival ?

Answer 28

We can retreive info from a computer and our brain

Question 29

What is meant by cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 29

The scientific study of brain / neurological structures, mechanisms, processes, brain chemistry that are responsible for cognitive/ mental / thinking processes

Question 30

Possible application uses

Answer 30

Blurt from notes

Question 31

Why is cognitive neuroscience considered scientific?

Answer 31

Provides quantitative data and is objective
Machines are consistent