The Red Eye

Question 1

name the most common cause for red eye

Answer 1

conjunctivitis

Question 2

name 7 common causes of red eye

Answer 2

conjunctivitis
keratitis
anterior uveitis
scleritis/episcleritis
acute angle closure glaucoma

subconjunctival haemorrhage
orbital disease - cellulitis

Question 3

name the 2 immunoglobulins present in the eyes tears

Answer 3

IgA and IgG

Question 4

an ache like pain in the red eye radiating to the brow

where is the pathology?

Answer 4

intraocular such as uveitis

Question 5

a foreign body sensation and grittiness like pain suggests the pathology is where?

Answer 5

extraocular

Question 6

what is blepharitis?

Answer 6

inflamed eyelids

Question 7

name the 2 types of blepharitis

Answer 7

anterior or posterior

Question 8

name the 2 types of anterior blepharitis

Answer 8

seborrhoeic and staphylococcal

Question 9

name the posterior blepharitis cause

Answer 9

meibomian gland dysfunction - MGD

Question 10

a lid margin redder than the deeper part of the lid

anterior or posterior blepharitis?

Answer 10

anterior blepharitis

Question 11

redness is in deeper part of lid - lid margin often quite normal looking

anterior or posterior blepharitis?

Answer 11

posterior blepharitis

Question 12

blepharitis symptoms:

1. similar to ______________
2. ______ eyes
3. _______ body sensation
4. mild _________

Answer 12

1. similar to CONJUNCTIVITIS
2. GRITTY eyes
3. FOREIGN body sensation
4. mild DISCHARGE

Question 13

scales and dandruff, no ulceration and unaffected lashes are seen in which type of anterior blepharitis?

Answer 13

seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis

Question 14

what is seen in staphylococcal anterior blepharitis?

Answer 14

distorted, loss and ingrowing of lashes - trichiasis

styes and ulcers

corneal staining and marginal ulcers

Question 15

what are the symptoms of meibomian gland disease?

Answer 15

MG openings pouting and swollen
dried secretion
meibomian cysts - chalazia

Question 16

what condition is meibomian gland disease associated with?

Answer 16

acne rosacea

Question 17

blepharitis treatment

Answer 17

lid hygiene
supplementary tear drops
oral doxycycline for posterior

Question 18

conjunctivitis can be broken down into 2 - infective and other

name the 3 infective and 3 other causes of conjunctivitis

Answer 18

infective:

1. viral
2. bacterial
3. chlamydial

other:

1. allergic
2. chemical/drug
3. eczema

Question 19

what is unaffected in conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

vision

Question 20

name the symptoms of conjunctivitis

Answer 20

red eye
foreign body sensation
discharge
itch

Question 21

red sticky eye
self limiting - clear in 14 days
topical antibiotics clear it faster
Staph. Aureus is most common cause

diagnosis?

Answer 21

acute bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 22

name the causes of follicular conjunctivitis

Answer 22

viral
chlamydial (unilateral)
drug

Question 23

name the nerve on the nose that can be affected in shingles and if it is involved, means the eye is at risk…

Answer 23

nasocilliary nerve

Question 24

name the 3 layers of the cornea

Answer 24

epithelium
stroma
endothelium

Question 25

corneal disease is also known as what?

Answer 25

keratitis

Question 26

corneal ulcers affecting the centre of the cornea are _________ in nature whereas those affecting the periphery are __________ in nature

Answer 26

corneal ulcers affecting the centre of the cornea are INFECTIVE in nature whereas those affecting the periphery are AUTOIMMUNE in nature

Question 27

name the infective causes of corneal ulcers

Answer 27

viral fungal bacterial acanthamoeba

Question 28

name the autoimmune cause of a corneal ulcer

Answer 28

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

signs and symptoms of corneal ulcers

Answer 29

pain photophobia lacrimation red eye - circumcorneal staining with fluorescein hypopyon

Question 30

how do you identify the cause of a corneal ulcer?

Answer 30

corneal scrape for gram stain and culture

Question 31

corneal ulcer treatment: bacterial - herpetic - autoimmune -

Answer 31

bacterial - antimicrobial eg ofloxacin hourly herpetic - acyclovir ointment 5x day autoimmune - anti-inflammatory like a steroid oral or topical

Question 32

anterior uveitis can be causes by what?

Answer 32

autoimmune conditions infective conditions malignancy idiopathic

Question 33

pain is referred to the eyebrow in anterior uveitis true or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

name the signs of anterior uveitis

Answer 34

``` ciliary injection cells and flare in ant. chamber keratic precipitates hypopyon synechiae - irregular pupil ```

Question 35

anterior uveitis management

Answer 35

topical steroids | mydriatics

Question 36

episcleritis is a common self limiting condition that is associated with what?

Answer 36

gout

Question 37

scleritis is a _______ disease that is associated with systemic vasculitides such as __________ _________ and Wegeners - extremely painful

Answer 37

scleritis is a SERIOUS disease that is associated with systemic vasculitides such as RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and Wegeners - extremely painful

Question 38

how do you differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis?

Answer 38

phenylephrine test episcleritis - blanches scleritis - does NOT blanch

Question 39

episcleritis and scleritis treatment?

Answer 39

episcleritis - self limiting - lubricant scleritis - oral NSAIDs, oral steroids, steroid sparing agents

Question 40

``` rare acute IOP rise elderly hypermetropic severe pain nausea cloudy cornea eye like stone pupil dilated circumcorneal injection ``` diagnosis?

Answer 40

ac closed angle glaucoma