The Respiratory System I

Question 1

The nose is divided into the _____, which is formed by hyaline cartilage and bones of the
skull, and the _____, which is entirely within the skull.

Answer 1

external nose; nasal cavity

Question 2

The nasal cavity is lined by two types of epithelium: _____ and _____.

Answer 2

olfactory mucosa; respiratory

mucosa

Question 3

The _____ divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides.

Answer 3

septum

Question 4

The nostrils are also known as the _____ (singular, _____).

Answer 4

nares; naris

Question 5

Air entering the nose encounters the _____, which create turbulence and increase the
chances that airborne contaminants will contact the nasal mucosa rather than passing into
the lungs.

Answer 5

nasal conchae

Question 6

The nasal cavity is surrounded by _____ within the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and
ethmoid bones that serve to lighten the skull, warm and moisten air, and produce mucus.

Answer 6

paranasal sinuses

Question 7

Hair, mucus, and cilia which line the nasal cavity prevent _____.

Answer 7

dust and debris from entering

the lungs

Question 8

The _____ is the region of the pharynx which serves only as an air passageway.

Answer 8

nasopharynx

Question 9

After leaving the internal nasal cavity, air enters the _____, which can be divided into
three regions, the _____, _____ and _____.

Answer 9

pharynx; nasopharynx;

oropharynx; laryngopharynx

Question 10

The _____ contains the lymphatic pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), which traps and destroys
airborne pathogens, and the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.

Answer 10

nasopharynx

Question 11

The _____ is an air, food drink passageway that extends inferiorly from the level of the
soft palate to the epiglottis.

Answer 11

oropharynx

Question 12

The _____ is an air, food and drink passageway that lies directly behind the epiglottis,
extends to the larynx, and is continuous inferiorly with the esophagus.

Answer 12

laryngopharynx

Question 13

Food and air are sorted into the stomach or lungs, respectively, in the _____ region of the
pharnyx.

Answer 13

laryngopharynx

Question 14

. The casual phrase ‘voice box’ refers to the _____.

Answer 14

larynx

Question 15

The superior boundary of the larynx is the _____ bone, above which is the
laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the _____.

Answer 15

hyoid bone; trachea

Question 16

At the top of the larynx, the _____ acts as a flexible flap that prevents food from entering
the larynx.

Answer 16

epiglottis

Question 17

The uppermost region of the larynx consists of the vocal cords and the space between
them, and is called the _____.

Answer 17

glottis

Question 18

The structure on the neck commonly called the Adam’s apple is the _____.

Answer 18

thyroid cartilage

Question 19

Folded mucous membranes cross from the thyroid cartilage in the front to the _____
cartilages in the back.

Answer 19

arytenoid

Question 20

The upper pair of mucous membranes which connect the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid
cartilages are the _____ (also called _____).

Answer 20

false vocal cords; vestibular

folds

Question 21

The lower pair of mucous membranes which connect the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid
cartilages are the _____.

Answer 21

true vocal cords

Question 22

_____ form the core of the true vocal cords, and vibrate as air passes over them to
produce sound.

Answer 22

Vocal ligaments

Question 23

When someone increases intra-abdominal pressure during periods of effort, they close
the _____. (This is called _____.)

Answer 23

glottis; Valsalva’s maneuver

Question 24

The cricoid cartilage and pairs of corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are supporting
structures of the _____.

Answer 24

larynx

Question 25

The trachea, or windpipe, descends from the larynx into the _____, where it ends by dividing to give rise to the _____.

Answer 25

mediastinum; primary bronchi

Question 26

The posterior wall of the trachea adjoins the anterior wall of the _____.

Answer 26

esophagus

Question 27

The trachea is lined with mucus-producing goblet cells and pseudo-stratified ciliated epithelial cells, which together function to _____.

Answer 27

sweep debris away from the | lungs

Question 28

The sub-mucosa in the trachea is _____ tissue.

Answer 28

areolar connective

Question 29

16-20 rings made of hyaline cartilage prevent the trachea from _____.

Answer 29

collapsing during inspiration

Question 30

. The cartilaginous layer of the trachea is covered by _____ and is called the _____.

Answer 30

areolar connective tissue; | adventitia

Question 31

The trachea ends inferiorly by dividing to give rise to the _____ (singular: _____).

Answer 31

primary bronchi; primary | bronchus

Question 32

The primary bronchi divide to form the _____, and these in turn divide to form the _____.

Answer 32

secondary bronchi; tertiary | bronchi

Question 33

The secondary bronchi are sometimes called the _____ bronchi because there is one for each _____ of the lungs.

Answer 33

lobar; lobe

Question 34

The tertiary bronchi are sometimes called the _____ bronchi because there is one for each _____ of the lungs.

Answer 34

segmental; segment

Question 35

Bronchi continue to branch until they form _____, tubes which are less than 1mm in diameter.

Answer 35

bronchioles

Question 36

The supporting cartilage that is required in the trachea and bronchi gradually changes in character as the tubes become smaller, and by the time _____ are reached, the cartilage is absent.

Answer 36

bronchioles

Question 37

The walls of the bronchioles are made of _____.

Answer 37

smooth muscle

Question 38

The portions of the respiratory system which deliver air to the regions of the lungs in which gas exchange can occur are the _____ regions.

Answer 38

conducting

Question 39

_____ are the last bronchioles through which air passes before reaching the respiratory regions of the lungs.

Answer 39

Terminal bronchioles

Question 40

Regions of the lungs which are capable of exchanging gases between blood and air are the _____ regions.

Answer 40

respiratory

Question 41

Bubble-like structures called _____ (singular: _____) are the structures in which gas exchange occurs.

Answer 41

alveoli; alveolus

Question 42

Only air in the _____ participates in gas exchange: air in other parts of the lungs cannot.

Answer 42

alveoli

Question 43

Respiratory bronchioles themselves have several _____ on their surface, but they are still large enough to divide once again to form _____.

Answer 43

alveoli; alveolar ducts

Question 44

Although not generally referred to in this way, a(n) _____ may be thought of as the smallest respiratory bronchioles: it does not subdivide, and has many alveoli on its surfaces.

Answer 44

alveolar duct

Question 45

_____, which are found at the end of each alveolar duct, are chambers connected to several alveoli.

Answer 45

Alveolar sacs

Question 46

Pores connect adjacent alveoli to allow air pressure to be _____, and to provide alternate routes for airflow in case one or more alveoli _____.

Answer 46

equalized; collapse

Question 47

Gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane, which consists of _____ and _____.

Answer 47

alveoli; capillary walls

Question 48

The walls of alveoli contain two cell types: _____ and _____.

Answer 48

Type I pneumocytes; Type II | pneumocytes

Question 49

Type I pneumocytes are _____ cells.

Answer 49

simple squamous epithelial

Question 50

The shape of Type I pneumocytes allows _____.

Answer 50

gas to diffuse easily across | them

Question 51

Type II pneumocytes are cuboidal cells which produce a chemical that is needed to _____.

Answer 51

prevent the alveoli from | collapsing

Question 52

The _____ lung is divided into two lobes.

Answer 52

left

Question 52

The _____ lung is divided into three lobes.

Answer 52

right

Question 52

The lobes of the lungs are further divided to form _____ segments; to each of these, air is delivered by a single _____.

Answer 52

bronchopulmonary; tertiary bronchus OR segmental bronchus

Question 52

The _____ surface is the surface at which a lung meets the ribs.

Answer 52

costal

Question 52

Each bronchopulmonary segment is served by its own _____, _____ and _____.

Answer 52

artery; vein; tertiary bronchus

Question 52

Serous membranes which surround the lungs are called the _____.

Answer 52

pleura

Question 52

In order to prevent airborne bacteria which reach the alveoli from becoming a problem, _____ patrol the alveolar surfaces.

Answer 52

macrophages

Question 52

Bronchopulmonary segments are subdivided to form _____; to each of these, air is delivered by a(n) _____.

Answer 52

lobules; terminal bronchiole

Question 52

The top of the lung is the _____; the bottom, the _____.

Answer 52

apex; base