The Respiratory System - Part 1

Question 1

What are the major functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

gas exchange, pH balance, blood and lymph flow

Question 2

Describe the upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

nose through the larynx and located in the head and neck

Question 3

Describe the lower respiratory tract

Answer 3

trachea through the lungs and located in the thorax

Question 4

Describe the conducting zone

Answer 4

1. passage for airflow
2. no gas exchange
3. nose through terminal bronchioles
4. thick walls

Question 5

Describe the respiratory zone

Answer 5

1. gas exchange

2. respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 6

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

Answer 6

warms, cleanses, humidifies air

Question 7

What is the purpose of the conchae folds

Answer 7

creates turbulence of inspired air which then makes contact with mucosa

Question 8

What do serous glands contain?

Answer 8

lysozymes

Question 9

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 9

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

Question 10

What is the function of the paransal sinuses?

Answer 10

lighten skull, resonate voice, and aid in warming and humidifying inspired air

Question 11

Name the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 11

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 12

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

Answer 12

passageway for air

Question 13

What is the function of the oropharynx?

Answer 13

passageway for food and air

Question 14

What is the function of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 14

passageway for food and air

Question 15

Where are the vocal chords located?

Answer 15

larynx (voice box)

Question 16

What three cartilages make up the larynx?

Answer 16

epiglottic, thyroid, and cricoid

Question 17

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 17

keeps food and drink out of airway and produces sounds

Question 18

What is the function of the c shape rings of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 18

keep airway open and gap in c shape allows esophagus to expand when swallowing food

Question 19

Define carina

Answer 19

angle at bottom of trachea where it forks into main bronchi

Question 20

List the three layers of the trachea

Answer 20

mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia

Question 21

What is the innermost layer of the trachea?

Answer 21

mucosa

Question 22

What is the outermost layer of the trachea?

Answer 22

adventitia

Question 23

Which layer of the trachea contains serous glands and mucus glands?

Answer 23

submucosa

Question 24

What layer contains the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 24

mucosa

Question 25

What is the the function of the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 25

moves mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed or coughed out

Question 26

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 26

conduction of air

Question 27

What is the nickname of the trachea?

Answer 27

windpipe

Question 28

What is the function of the bronchial tree?

Answer 28

conduction of air

Question 29

Which lung is shorter due to the liver?

Answer 29

right lung

Question 30

Which lung is shorter due to the heart?

Answer 30

left lung

Question 31

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What type of tissue is the type I alveolar cells made of?

Answer 33

simple squamous epithelium

Question 34

What type of tissue is the type II alveolar cells made of?

Answer 34

simple cuboidal

Question 35

What is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 35

gas exchange, surfactant secretion, macrophages eat debris and pathogens

Question 36

What is the function of surfactant?

Answer 36

surfactant coats inner surface of alveoli to reduce surface tension of alveolar fluid and keeps alveoli from collapsing

Question 37

List the pleural membranes

Answer 37

visceral, parietal and pleural cavity

Question 38

What is the function of the pleural membranes?

Answer 38

reduction of friction with movement of lungs, prevents infections from spreading from one organ to another

Question 39

What is the function of pulmonary arteries?

Answer 39

carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Question 40

What is the function of pulmonary veins?

Answer 40

carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Question 41

What does parasympathetic stimulation lead to?

Answer 41

bronchiole constriction

Question 42

What does sympathetic stimulation lead to?

Answer 42

bronchiole dilation

Question 43

Where are the heart and lungs located?

Answer 43

thoracic cavity

Question 44

What nerve is the diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 44

phrenic nerve

Question 45

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 45

prime mover for inspiration

Question 46

What is the purpose of the nonkeratinzed straitifed squamous epithelium?

Answer 46

protection

Question 47

What is the purpose of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells?

Answer 47

secrete and move mucus

Question 48

What is the purpose of the simple squamous epithelia?

Answer 48

diffusion for gas exchange

Question 49

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 49

keep airway open

Question 50

What is the function of the smooth muscle?

Answer 50

change diameter of bronchioles

Question 51

What is the function of elastin?

Answer 51

recoil of alveoli after inhalation