The shoulder and Chest wall

Question 1

What is the only bony attachement between the upper limb and the trunk?

Answer 1

Via the clavicle

Question 2

Nerves supplying the upper limb come from which segments?

Answer 2

C5 - C8 and T1

Question 3

Where does most of the upper limbs blood supply come from?

Answer 3

The subclavian artery

Question 4

What does the subclavian artery change into down the arm?

Answer 4

Axillary artery and the brachial artery

Question 5

What can you see on the anterior view of the scapula?

Answer 5

Acromium process
Coracoid process
Subscapular fossa

Question 6

What are the borders of the scapula?

Answer 6

Medial border
Lateral border
Superior border

Question 7

What are the angles of the scapula?

Answer 7

Inferior angle

Superior angle

Question 8

What can you see on the posterior view of the scapula?

Answer 8

Scapula spine
Supraspinous fossa (on top of the spine)
Infraspinous fossa (below the spine)
Acromium

Question 9

What two joints can the clavicle make?

Answer 9

Sterno-clavicular joint

Acromio-clavicular joint

Question 10

What are the main movements of the scapula?

Answer 10

Elevation, Depression, Rotation, Retraction and Protraction

Question 11

Which muscles attach the trunk and the scapula?

Answer 11

Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Levator scapulae

Question 12

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

Answer 12

Lifts the scapula

Question 13

Where does the levator scapulae originate and insert?

Answer 13

From cervicle processes C1 to C4

Inserts onto the medial border

Question 14

What innervates the levator scapulae?

Answer 14

The 4th and 5th cranial nerves

Question 15

What are the functions of the trapezius?

Answer 15

Superior fibres = elevation of the scapula eg shrugging
Middle fibres = retract and adduct the scapula
Inferior fibres = Depress the scapula by pulling it down to the inferior thoracic vertebrae
Inferior + superior = rotation; inferior angle pushed down laterally and acromium is raised

Question 16

Where does the trapezium originate and insert?

Answer 16

Nuchal crest of the occipital bone to the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Inserts onto the clavicle, acromium and spine of the scapula

Question 17

Which nerves innervate the trapezium?

Answer 17

C3 and C4 nerves

Question 18

What is the function of the rhomboid major?

Answer 18

Hold the scapula to the ribcage and retract it

Question 19

Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert?

Answer 19

Arises from the spinal processes of T2 to T5

Inserts on to the medial border of the scapula from the level of the scapular spine to the inferior angle

Question 20

Which nerve supplies the rhomboid major?

Answer 20

C5

Question 21

What is the function of the rhomboid minor?

Answer 21

Retracts the scapula and stabilises it

Question 22

Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert?

Answer 22

Arises from C7 and T1

Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine

Question 23

Which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor?

Answer 23

C5

Question 24

Which muscles are involved in attaching the trunk and the arm?

Answer 24

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Lattisimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Deltoid

Question 25

Where does the pectoralis major originate and insert?

Answer 25

Sternal half of the clavicle, costal cartilages of the first ribs and the sternum Inserts onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 26

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

Answer 26

Shoulder flexion, internal rotation and adduction

Question 27

Which nerves innervate the pectoralis major?

Answer 27

C7, C8 and T1

Question 28

Where does the pectoralis minor originate and insert?

Answer 28

Third to the fifth ribs | Inserts onto the coracoid process of the sternum

Question 29

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 29

Depresses the shoulder, drawing the scapula inferior towards the thorax Stabilises the scapula as it is pulled to the ribs

Question 30

Where does the latissiumus dorsi originate and insert?

Answer 30

T7 to T12, 9th to the 12th ribs and part of the iliac crest | Fibres twist as they insert onto the humerus ie the lowe bundles insert highest onto the humerus

Question 31

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 31

Extenstion, Adduction, Horizontal abduction and internal rotation of the shoulder joint

Question 32

Which nerves innervate the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 32

C6 -C8

Question 33

What is the function of the teres major?

Answer 33

Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint, extends and rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Question 34

Where does the teres major originate and insert?

Answer 34

Lower lateral border and inferior angle of the scapula | Inserts onto the bicipital groove of the humerus

Question 35

Which nerves innervate the teres minor?

Answer 35

Axillary nerve

Question 36

What is the role of the deltoid?

Answer 36

Flexion, medial rotation and anterior abduction to the first 90 degrees

Question 37

Where does the deltoid originate and insert?

Answer 37

Lateral end of the clavicle, acromium of the scapula and the spine of the scapula Inserts onto the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 38

Which nerves innervate the deltoid?

Answer 38

Axillary nerve

Question 39

What are the actions at the shoulder joint?

Answer 39

Flex and extend Rotate Adduct and Abduct

Question 40

Which 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 40

Subscapularis Supraspinatous Infraspinatous Teres minor

Question 41

Where does the subscapularis originate and insert?

Answer 41

Axillary border of the subscapular fossa | Inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 42

What is the function of the subscapularis?

Answer 42

Medially rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Question 43

Where does the subscapularis receive its nerve supply?

Answer 43

Subscapular nerve

Question 44

Where does the supraspinatus originate and insert?

Answer 44

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula | Inserts onto the superior aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 45

What is the function of the supraspinatus??

Answer 45

Abduction of the arm to the first 15 degrees | Stabilises shoulder by drawing the humerus towards the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 46

Which nerves supply the supraspinatous?

Answer 46

Suprascapular nerve

Question 47

Where does the teres minor originate and insert?

Answer 47

From the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the scapula (middle of scapula) Inserts on to the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 48

What is the action of the teres minor?

Answer 48

Modulates action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upwards as the arm is abducted Rotates the arm laterally

Question 49

What is the role of the infraspinatous?

Answer 49

Laterally rotates the arm and helps stabilise the shoulder

Question 50

Where does the infraspinatous originate and insert?

Answer 50

Infraspinatous of the scapula | Inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 51

Which nerve innervates the teres minor?

Answer 51

The axillary nerve

Question 52

Which nerves innervate the infraspinatous?

Answer 52

Suprascapular nerve

Question 53

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 53

As it passes past the first rib

Question 54

Which other arteries supply the arm?

Answer 54

The suprascapular artery and the transverse cervical artery