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Anatomy Exam 4 > The Shoulder: Superficial & Deep Structures > Flashcards

The Shoulder: Superficial & Deep Structures Flashcards

1
Q

which group of muscles are described as “the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back that move the upper limb and pectoral girdle”?

A

posterior axio-appendicular muscles

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2
Q

ID muscle

A

trapezius

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3
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the trapezius?

A

-external occiptal protuberance of skull
-nuchal ligament
-spinous processes of vertebrae

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4
Q

what is the distal attachment of the trapezius?

A

-lateral third of clavicle (anterior)
-acromion
-spine of scapula

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5
Q

what are the actions of the trapezius?

A

-elevates scapula
-depresses scapula
-retracts scapula
-rotates glenoid fossa superiorly (upward rotation of scapula)

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6
Q

what is the motor innervation of the trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

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7
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the trapezius? (pain & proprioception)

A

cervical plexus (C3 & C4)

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8
Q

ID muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-spinous processes
-thoracolumbar fascia
-iliac crest
-inferior 3 ribs

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10
Q

what is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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11
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-extends humerus
-adducts humerus
-medially rotates humerus
-raises torso towards arms when climbing or doing a pull-up

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12
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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13
Q

ID muscle

A

rhomboid minor

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14
Q

what is the proximal attachment for rhomboid minor?

A

-nuchal ligament
-spinous processes of vertebrae

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15
Q

what is the distal attachment for rhomboid minor?

A

medial end of scapular spine

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16
Q

what are the actions of both rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall

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17
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation for both rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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18
Q

ID muscle

A

rhomboid major

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19
Q

what is the proximal attachment for rhomboid major?

A

spinous processes of vertebrae

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20
Q

what is the distal attachment for rhomboid major?

A

medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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21
Q

ID muscle

A

levator scapulae

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22
Q

what is the proximal attachment for levator scapulae?

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae

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23
Q

what is the distal attachment for levator scapulae?

A

-medial border of scapula
-superior angle of scapula

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24
Q

what are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

-elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

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25
what is the motor & sensory innervation of levator scapulae?
cervical plexus (C3 & C4) & dorsal scapular nerve
26
which muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus?
muscles of the pectoral region
27
which muscles are included in the pectoral region?
-pectoralis major -pectoralis minor -subclavius -serratus anterior
28
ID muscle
pectoralis major
29
what is the proximal attachment of pectoralis major?
clavicular and sternocostal attachments -anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle -anterior surface of sternum and superior costal cartilages
30
what is the distal attachment of pectoralis major?
-lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
31
what are the actions of pectoralis major?
-adducts & medial rotates humerus -draws scapula anteriorly & inferiorly (via clavicle) -clavicular portion flexes humerus -sternal portion can extend humerus while it is in this flexed position
32
what is the motor & sensory innervation of pectoralis major?
lateral & medial pectoral nerves
33
ID muscle
pectoralis minor
34
what is the proximal attachment of pectoralis minor?
-3rd & 5th ribs, near costal cartilages
35
what is the distal attachment of pectoralis minor?
coracoid process of scapula
36
what are the actions of pectoralis minor?
-stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly & inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall
37
what is the motor & sensory innervation of pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve (usually pierced by this nerve)
38
ID muscle
serratus anterior
39
what is the proximal attachment of serratus anterior?
external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs
40
what is the distal attachment of serratus anterior?
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
41
what are the actions of serratus anterior?
-protracts scapula -rotates scapula -holds scapula against thorax -allows full abduction of humerus; arms raised above head
42
what is the motor & sensory innervation of serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve
43
ID muscle
subclavius
44
what is the proximal attachment of subclavius?
junction of 1st rib & its costal cartilage
45
what is the distal attachment of subclavius?
inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
46
what are the actions of subclavius?
anchors and depresses clavicle
47
what are the motor & sensory innervation of subclavius?
"nerve to subclavius"
48
what group of muscles attach the scapula to the humerus & move the humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of this joint?
scapulohumeral (intrinsic) musculature
49
what innervates all of the scapulohumeral musculature?
brachial plexus
50
what muscles are included in the scapulohumeral musculature?
-deltoid -teres major -subscapularis -supraspinatus -infraspinatus -teres minor
51
what are the rotator cuff muscles?
-subscapularis -supraspinatus -infraspinatus -teres minor
52
ID muscle
deltoid
53
what is the proximal attachment of deltoid?
-lateral 1/3 of clavicle -acromion -spine of scapula
54
what is the distal attachment of deltoid?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
55
what are the actions of deltoid?
-flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus
56
what is the innervation of the deltoid?
axillary nerve
57
ID muscle
teres major
58
what is the proximal attachment of teres major?
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
59
what is the distal attachment of teres major?
medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
60
what are the actions of teres major?
abducts and medially rotates humerus
61
what is the motor & sensory innervation of teres major?
lower subscapular nerve
62
which two muscles both attach to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus?
latissimus dorsi and teres major
63
ID muscle
supraspinatus
64
what is the proximal attachment of supraspinatus?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
65
what is the distal attachment of supraspinatus?
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
66
what are the actions of supraspinatus?
works with deltoid in abduction of humerus & acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint
67
what are the motor & sensory innervation of supraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve
68
ID muscle
infraspinatus
69
what is the proximal attachment of infraspinatus?
infraspinous fossa of scapula
70
what is the distal attachment of infraspinatus?
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
71
what are the actions of infraspinatus?
laterally rotates humerus & helps hold humeral head in place
72
what are the motor & sensory innervation of infraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve
73
ID muscle
teres minor
74
what is the proximal attachment of teres minor?
middle part of lateral border of scapula
75
what is the distal attachment of teres minor?
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
76
what are the actions of teres minor?
laterally rotates humerus & helps hold humeral head in place
77
what is the motor & sensory innervation of teres minor?
axillary nerve
78
what two muscles are innervated by axillary nerve?
-deltoid -teres minor
79
ID muscle
subscapularis
80
what is the proximal attachment of subscapularis?
subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
81
what is the distal attachment of subscapularis?
lesser tubercle of humerus
82
what are the actions of subscapularis?
medially rotates and adducts humerus helps hold humeral head in place
83
what are the motor & sensory innervation of subscapularis?
upper & lower subscapular nerves

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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