The Skeleton Flashcards
(26 cards)
Long bones
Usually in limbs
Flat bones
Mainly protective
Short bones
Equal dimensions
Irregular bones
Don’t fit in a category
Sesamoid bones
Not connected to skeleton
Epiphysis
Spongy bone to resist stress
Diaphysis
Compact bone in central cavity
Metaphyisis
Joins epiphysis and diaphysis
Epiphysis plate
Cartilage replaced by bone. Determines future length and shape of bone.
Articular cartilage
Absorbs shock on epiphysis joint
Periostium
Surrounds whole bone containing nerves and blood vessels
Medullary cavity
Contains marrow in the diaphysis
How does growth occur
Cartilage to bone by early adulthood. Good diet is important for growth as stress can reshape bones. E.g turn out from feet can twist tibia
Axial skeleton
Mandible, skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and pelvis
Appendicular skeleton
Everything else on large skeleton
Spine
Made of a collection of vertebrae places one above the other. All vertebrae except axis and atlas carry weight and have a canal for the spinal cord to pass through as well as 2 transverse processes for muscle and ligament attachment.
Coccygeal
3-4
Sacral
5- fused and form sacrum
Lumbar
5- have large bodies to carry weight and muscle attachment
Cervical
7- smallest to help canal and transverse process
Thoracic
12- extra areas for rib attachment and long spinous process
Normal curves
The spine develops from a single curve to give 4 curves that absorb shock, allow stability and movement.
What is important about dancers curves?
They mustn’t be flattened out as shock absorption is lost. Exaggerating a curve can also damage by cause strain on the body.
Kyphosis
Normal backward curve thoracic and sacral
