The Thirty Years War Flashcards
(8 cards)
What was the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)?
A major European conflict primarily between Catholic and Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire, later involving most major European powers. It began as a religious conflict but developed into a struggle for political dominance.
What was James I’s personal connection to the war?
His daughter, Elizabeth, was married to Frederick V of the Palatinate, who accepted the Bohemian crown in 1619. This triggered the war, as Catholic forces (led by the Habsburgs) sought to reclaim Bohemia.
How did James I respond to Frederick V becoming King of Bohemia?
He disapproved of the decision but felt obligated to support Frederick after his defeat at the Battle of White Mountain (1620), although he preferred diplomatic rather than military means.
What was James I’s approach to foreign policy during the Thirty Years’ War?
Peaceful and pro-Spanish, seeking a diplomatic solution to restore Frederick’s lands, including a proposed Spanish Match (marriage between Prince Charles and the Spanish Infanta).
Why did Parliament oppose James’s approach to the war?
Parliament wanted James to take a firm Protestant stance and go to war against Catholic Spain. They distrusted the Spanish Match and viewed James as being too passive and indecisive.
What was the Spanish Match and why was it controversial?
A proposed marriage between Prince Charles and the Spanish Infanta Maria Anna. Parliament and the English public opposed it, fearing increased Spanish influence and a threat to Protestantism.
What did the 1621 Parliament want regarding the war?
They called for a Protestant alliance and a military intervention to support Frederick and Elizabeth, but James resisted, still hoping for diplomatic success with Spain.
How did the Thirty Years’ War affect James I’s relationship with Parliament?
Increased tension due to his refusal to take military action, his pursuit of the Spanish Match, and his resistance to Parliament’s input on foreign policy.
