The tracheobronchial tree and larynx Flashcards
(69 cards)
At the lower border of what cartilage does the trachea arise
cricoid cartilage - ring of hyaline that site inferior to the thyroid gland
at what vertebral level does the larynx lie
C3-C6
at what level does the trachea bifurcate
T4-T5 - level of the sternal angle
The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages. It is formed by a right and a left lamina that are separated posteriorly and joined together at an acute angle in the anterior midline forming what prominence known as the Adams apple
laryngeal prominence
At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage found
C4-C5
what cells line the tracheal lumen
ciliated pseudostratified columnar and goblet cells that create the tracheal mucosa
what nerve innervates the trachealis muscle ( that allows the trachea to constrict and dilate
recurrent laryngeal nerve/ inferior laryngeal nerve ( same thing) branch of the vagus nerve
what vertebral level does the trachea extend from
C6-T4/T5
In a tension pneumothorax tracheal deviation can occur and the mediastinum to shift to the other side- compressing the vena cava and opposite lung - what major problem can occur if this goes untreated
cardiac arrest
Sx of pneumothorax
none
sudden onset dyspnoea ( difficulty or laboured breathing)
pleuritic chest pain
asymmetrical chest expansion
Tnesion P - can look blue or ashen skin anxiety and rapid hr
what is pleuritic chest pain
Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling. It is exacerbated by deep breathing, coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
what is the difference between a pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax
Pneumothorax (air in the pleural cavity) is classified as open (external wound) or closed. The pleural pressure equilibrates with atmospheric pressure, resulting in lung collapse. Tension pneumothorax develops when air continuously enters the chest without evacuation ( valve)
if inserting an IV canula into the lungs to drain fluid where do you insert it
2nd intercostal space ( above or below) in mid clavicular line - audible hiss
what are the two arteries that supply the trachea in the neck and chest region respectively
neck - inferior thyroid arteries
chest- branches of bronchial arteries
what vein drains the trachea
brachiocephalic vein
where both the pleura connect and where vessels are airways can only enter the lungs - what is this point called and at what vertebral level
hilum
T5-T7
the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchus - following the right lung the bronchus bifurcates into the superior lobar bronchus and the what ? that leads on to split into the middle and inferior lobar bronchi
bronchus intermedius
why is the left lung lower than the right
The left lung is a little smaller than the right lung because it shares space in the left side of the chest with the heart.
cardiac notch
the main bronchi branch into the lobar bronchi then the segmental bronchi
the lobar bronchi supply what generically
lobes of the lung
3 on right 2 on left
what do each of the tertiary bronchi supply
bronchopulmonary segment ( separated by connective tissue) 10 in right 8 in left ish
what can be found within each bronchopulmonary segment
lobules of lungs segmental bronchus segmental branches from pulmonary arteries branches of bronchial artery pulmonary vein and lymphatic margin
what are club cells
major secretory cell in the small airway epithelium occupying anywhere between 5% and 20% of total cells and secrete an array of bioactive compounds into the airway surface liquid (ASL) that protect the epithelium from damage
surfactant lipoprotein
bronchioles –> conducting bronchioles –> terminal –> respiratory –> alveolar duct –> alveolar sacs –> ?
alveoli
what cells make up respiratory bronchioles
simple squamous
