THE UNIVERSE

Question 1

It is everything that exists like matter and space and is considered one called cosmos

Answer 1

The Universe

Question 2

a phenomenon that occurs when light waves stretch, causing the light to appear redder

Answer 2

Red shifting

Question 3

Is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out.

Answer 3

Blackhole

Question 4

Are a giant, luminous balls of gas that shine due to their internal energy sources

Answer 4

Stars

Question 5

Stages of Stars

Answer 5

1. Red Giant
2. White Dwarf
3. Super Giant
4. Supernova
5. Neutron Stars
6. Blackholes

Question 6

is consisting of a group of stars and galaxies. Between groups of galaxies and stars are space.

Answer 6

Galaxy

Question 7

This man established a system to classify galaxies into four types

Answer 7

Edwin P. Hubble (1889–1953)

Question 8

stars are arranged in a spherical or elliptical shape. It does not have extended curved arms.

Answer 8

Elliptical galaxy

Question 9

It is consisting of two or more regions. At the center of this galaxy is its nucleus where a large number of stars are located.

Answer 9

Normal spiral galaxy

Question 10

Two broad expansions (“bars”) extend out from the opposite side of the nuclear bulge before the arms start to curve from the outer boundaries of the bars.

Answer 10

Barred spiral galaxy

Question 11

a galaxy with no specific shape

Answer 11

Irregular galaxy

Question 12

is a group of stars that forms certain patterns in the sky. It is used by the ancient people for direction and also to tell the time of the year.

Answer 12

Constellations

Question 13

Refers to the constellations that can be seen in the sky in certain seasons.

Answer 13

Seasonal Constellations

Question 14

Constellations in Fall

Answer 14

Andromeda, Aquarius, Capricornus, Pegasus, and Pisces.

Question 15

Constellations in Summer

Answer 15

Aquila, Cygnus, Hercules, Lyra, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius and Scorpius

Question 16

Constellations in Winter

Answer 16

Canis Major, Cetus Eridanus, Gemini, Orion, Perseus, and Taurus

Question 17

Constellations in Spring

Answer 17

Bootes, Cancer, Crater, Hydra, Leo, and Virgo.

Question 18

The five northern constellations visible from most locations north of the equator throughout the year are?

Answer 18

Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor

Question 19

is derived from constellations and stars that are circulating at the poles of the Earth.

Answer 19

The circumpolar constellation

Question 20

is about 4.5 billion years old. It is formed from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust.

Answer 20

The Solar System

Question 21

The theory that states that the solar system originated from a massive cloud of gas and dust, which collapsed around 4.57 billion years ago due to gravitational collapse. This led to a denser region, attracting more matter and causing it to rotate and heat up. The sun formed a ball at the center, while the protoplanetary disc formed. Accrution formed planets, with Terrestrial planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and Jovian planets like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, where icy compounds remained solid, capturing large atmospheres.

Answer 21

The Nebula Hypothesis

Question 22

It is a self-luminous sphere of gases powered by nuclear reaction and held together by the force of gravity.

Answer 22

The Sun

Question 23

The sun’s outermost part of its atmosphere and is usually hidden because of the bright light of the sun.

Answer 23

Corona

Question 24

is the second most outer layer of the Sun which is a thousand kilometers thick, it is located above the photosphere and under the corona.

Answer 24

Chromosphere

Question 25

The lowest layer of the solar atmosphere is the photosphere. It is basically the solar "surface" that we see when we look at the Sun in "white” light.

Answer 25

Photosphere

Question 26

Temporary phenomena that appear on the sun’s photosphere as dark spots. They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection.

Answer 26

Sunspot

Question 27

An intense burst of radiation coming from the release of magnetic energy secondary to sunspots. They can be seen as bright areas on the sun and they can last from minutes to hours.

Answer 27

Flares

Question 28

A large, bright, gaseous feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a hoop shape.

Answer 28

Prominence

Question 29

is known as a celestial object that orbits around the sun.

Answer 29

Planets

Question 30

The largest planet of the solar system, in both volume and total mass. It is named after the supreme Roman god of heaven because of its brightness and giant size.

Answer 30

Jupiter

Question 31

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PLANET

Answer 31

1. It must orbit a star. 2. It must be big enough to have enough gravity to force it into a spherical shape. 3. It must be big enough that its gravity cleared away any other objects of a similar size near its orbit around the Sun.

Question 32

a German mathematician and astronomer who discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits. He developed three planetary motions.

Answer 32

Johannes Kepler

Question 33

It explains that the orbits of planets are in ellipses with the sun at one focus. This explains that the sun is not at the center and planets do not move in uniform circular motion.

Answer 33

Law of Ellipses

Question 34

The line joining the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. This shows that a planet move quickly when it is closer to the sun slowly when it is farther away.

Answer 34

Law of Equal Areas

Question 35

The squares of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their average distance from the sun, T2 α d3 this suggests that the period for a planet to orbit the sun increases rapidly with the radius of its orbit.

Answer 35

Law of Harmony

Question 36

Refers to interacting physical,chemical and biological process.

Answer 36

Earth's System

Question 37

Land,water air and life interconnected and continuously intersct with one another.

Answer 37

Subsystem

Question 38

this refers to the solid earth. Composed of naturally occurring solid aggregate of materials

Answer 38

Geosphere

Question 39

the totality of the earth’s water

Answer 39

Hydrosphere

Question 40

this is the mixture of gaseses that surround planet.

Answer 40

Atmosphere

Question 41

The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere. The present atmosphere is composed of?

Answer 41

78%-nitrogen 21%-oxygen 0.9%-Argon 0.10%-made of different gasses

Question 42

this include all life forms and even organic matter that has not yet composed.

Answer 42

Biosphere

Question 43

classified as living organisms

Answer 43

Species

Question 44

SEQUENCE ON HOW A STAR IS FORMED

Answer 44

1. Interstellar cloud 2. Clumping 3. Collapse 4. Protostar 5. Nuclear fusion

Question 45

Stars begin as specks of dust in a large, cold cloud of gas and dust between stars in a galaxy.

Answer 45

Interstellar cloud

Question 46

A disturbance, like a nearby star or supernova, causes the dust particles to clump together.

Answer 46

Clumping

Question 47

The clumps grow large enough to collapse under their own gravity.

Answer 47

Collapse

Question 48

The collapsing clump heats up and compresses, forming a small, hot, dense core called a protostar.

Answer 48

Protostar

Question 49

The core of the protostar becomes hot enough to start nuclear fusion, and a star is born

Answer 49

Nuclear fusion

Question 50

Process of Nuclear Fission

Answer 50

1. Fission: In a nuclear reactor, a neutron is fired at an atom, causing it to split into two smaller atoms and additional neutrons. This process releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat. 2. Heat: The heat produced by fission is used to boil water and create pressurized steam. 3. team: The steam spins a turbine that is connected to a generator. 4. Electricity: The generator produces electricity