The urinary system Flashcards
Regulate water volume, concentrations and ph levels and influences the red blood cell production and blood pressure.
what is the kidneys main pupose?
Filter toxic leftovers from the blood and removes it from the body.
What organ is a “filter”?
Kidneys
What is the outer layer of the kidney?
Renal cortex
How many layers does a kidney have?
3
What is the renal medulla?
Middle layer of the kidney
What is the structure of the renal medulla?
A set of cone shaped massess of tissue that secrete urine into tiny sac like tubules.
What is the inner layer of a kidney?
Renal pelvis
What does the renal pelvis do?
A funnel shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to mobve the urine out of the kidney and into the ureter.
Where does oxygenated blood enter the kidey from?
Large renal arteries
What happens as the blood enters the kidneys?
The renal arteries branch many times ending in loads of capillary groups.
What are the cappilaries made up of?
Loads of nephrons
What are the three steps involving the nephron?
Glomeaur filtration, Tubular reabsorbtion, Tubular secretion.
What is the nephron?
A tubule that is closed at one end and opens into a collecting duct at the other.
What does the closed end of the nephron form?
Forms the cup shaped glomerular (bowmans) capsule which completley encloses a coiled tuft of capillaries (the glomerulus).
After the glomerular capsule what parts are left of the nephron?
The proximal convoluted tubule, the medullary loop (loop of henry), the distal convoluted tubule leading into the collecting duct. About 3cm long.
Where does the renal artery enter the kidney?
Hilium
What does the renal artery do after reaching the hilium?
Divide into smaller arteries and arterioles.
How many walls thick are the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule?
Consist of a single layer of flat epithelial cells to facilitate filtration.
What are the walls of the remainder parts of the nephron made up of?
Single layer of simple squamous epithelium tissue.
What organ forms the urine?
Kidneys
Where does filtration take place?
Through the semi-permaeble walls of the glomerluar capillaries and capsule.
