The Visual World

Question 1

Accommodation

Answer 1

Helps determine visual depth

Question 2

The perception of motion that occurs when different images are presented next to each other in succession. (Often used in movies)

Answer 2

The beta effect

Question 3

Depth cues that are created by retinal image disparity - that is, the space between our eyes - and which thus require the coordination of both eyes.
Images projected on each eye are slightly different from one another and the visual cortex automatically merged them into one, enabling us to perceive depth.

Answer 3

Binocular depth cues

Question 4

A hole in our vision because there are no photoreceptor cells at the place where the optic nerve leaves the retina

Answer 4

Blind spot

Question 5

Inability to detect green and/or red colours

Answer 5

Colour blindness

Question 6

Visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colours

Answer 6

Cones

Question 7

The inward turning of our eyes that is required to focus on objects that are less than about 50 feet away

Answer 7

Convergence

Question 8

A clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light

Answer 8

Cornea

Question 9

Messages from our bodies and the external environment that supply us with info about space and distance

Answer 9

Depth cues

Question 10

Pulses of energy waves that can carry information from place to place

Answer 10

Electromagnetic energy

Question 11

When the focus is behind the retina

Answer 11

Farsighted

Question 12

Specialized neurons located in the visual cortex, that respond to the strength, angles, shapes, edges, and movements of a visual stimulus

Answer 12

Feature detectors neurons

Question 13

The central point of the retina

Answer 13

Fovea

Question 14

A meaningfully organized whole

Greater than the sum of its parts

Answer 14

Gestalt

Question 15

The shade of a colour

Answer 15

Hue

Question 16

Coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

A structure that focuses the incoming light on the retina

Answer 17

Lens

Question 18

Depth cues that help us perceive depth using only one eye

Answer 18

Monocular depth cues

Question 19

When the focus is in front of the retina

Answer 19

Nearsighted

Question 20

Theory that proposes we analyze sensory info not in terms of three colours but in three set of “opponent colours”: red/green, yellow/blue, white/black

Answer 20

Opponent-process colour theory

Question 21

We perceive a sensation of motion caused by the appearance and disappearance of objects that are near each other

Answer 21

Phi phenomenon

Question 22

Small opening in the centre of the eye

Answer 22

Pupil

Question 23

The layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells

Answer 23

Retina

Question 24

Visual neurons that specialize in detecting black, white, and gray colours
(Help you see in low light)

Answer 24

Rods

Question 25

Theory stating that the colour we see depends on the mix of the signals from the three types of cones

Answer 25

Trichromatic colour theory

Question 26

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes detect (only range from about 400 to 700 billionths of a meter)

Answer 26

Visible spectrum

Question 27

The process of changing the curvature of the lens to keep the light entering the eye focused on the retina (Occurs when we move our focus from near objects to far objects)

Answer 27

Visual accommodation

Question 28

Distance between one wave peak and the next wave peak

Answer 28

Wavelength

Question 29

Explain the Bouncing Balls Illusion

Answer 29

The tendency to perceive two circles as bouncing off each other (rather than passing through each other) if the moment of their contact is accompanied by an auditory stimulus

Question 30

Effects that concern the influence of the perception of one sensory modality on the perception of another (Think ventriloquism)

Answer 30

Crossmodal phenomena

Question 31

A receptive field that can be stimulated by a stimulus from more than one sensory modality

Answer 31

Crossmodal receptive field

Question 32

A stimulus with components in multiple sensory modalities that interact with each other

Answer 32

Crossmodal stimulus

Question 33

Explain the Double Flash Illusion

Answer 33

The false perception of two visual flashes when a single flash is accompanied by two auditory beeps

Question 34

The process by which the perceptual system combines info arising from more than one modality

Answer 34

Integrated

Question 35

Explain the McGurk Effect

Answer 35

An effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory percept The visual stimulus changes what you’re hearing (baba, fafa)

Question 36

Of or pertaining to multiple sensory modalities

Answer 36

Multimodal

Question 37

The effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world

Answer 37

Multimodal perception

Question 38

Effects that concern the binding of inputs from multiple sensory modalities

Answer 38

Multimodal phenomena

Question 39

Regions in the brain that receive input from multiple unimodal areas processing different sensory modalities

Answer 39

Multisensory convergence zones

Question 40

A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple auditory information

Answer 40

Primary auditory cortex

Question 41

A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple visual information

Answer 41

Primary visual cortex

Question 42

Explain The Principle of Inverse Effectiveness

Answer 42

The finding that, in general, for a multimodal stimulus, if the response to each unimodal component (on its own) is weak, then the opportunity for multisensory enhancement is very large. However, if one component by itself is sufficient to evoke a strong response, then the effect on the response gained by simultaneously processing the other components of the stimulus will be relatively small

Question 43

The portion of the world to which a neuron will respond if an appropriate stimulus is present there

Answer 43

Receptive field

Question 44

A type of sense; for example, vision or audition

Answer 44

Sensory modalities

Question 45

The finding to at the superadditive effects of multisensory integration are observed when the sources of stimulation are spatially related to one another

Answer 45

Spatial principle of multisensory integration

Question 46

The finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component of it were presented on its own

Answer 46

Superadditive effect of multisensory integration

Question 47

Of or pertaining to a single sensory modality

Answer 47

Unimodal

Question 48

The parts of a stimulus relevant to one sensory modality at a time

Answer 48

Unimodal components

Question 49

A region of the brain devoted to the processing of information from a single sensory modality

Answer 49

Unimodal cortex