Theme 1

Question 1

Eukaryotes

Answer 1

Cytoskeloton (ability to move; microtubules as internal scaffolding)
Endomembrane system (engulfment; increase SA for OP; process partitioning)
Primary genome (membrane bound nucleus; multiple, linear chromosomes; expression of individual genes; select which genes are transcribed)
80S ribosomes
Mitochondria (aerobic respiration; synthesis and breakdown of proteins)
Plastids (only archaeoplastida)
Sexual reproduction (genetic recombination)

Question 2

Endosymbiosis

Answer 2

Mitochondria (Alpha proteobacteria (G-))
Plastids (Cyanobacteria)
Evidence:
Circular DNA
Independent fission (binary fission)
Size (of a prokaryote)
Double membrane (Structure of a bacterial cell membrane)
70S ribosomes (like prokaryotes)
Prokaryotic DNA (segments)

Question 3

Multicellularity

Answer 3

Great Oxygenation Event (cyanobacteria; Fe and S kept O2 low until 2.5 bya)
High O2 helps with diffusion in multicellular organisms

Question 4

Symbiotic Theory

Answer 4

Aggregation of individuals (w/ their own specialization) - getting a single genome?

Question 5

Syncytial Theory

Answer 5

A single cell producing many specializing nuclei

Question 6

Colonial Theory

Answer 6

Aggregation of individuals (of the same species)