Theme 2 - Animals Flashcards
(19 cards)
Protostomes
Spiral, determinate cleavage Blastopore becomes mouth Schizocoelous Central nervous system surrounds digestive system Ventral, solid nerve cord;
Deuterostomes
Radial, indeterminate cleavage Blastopore becomes anus Enterocoelous Central nervous system does not surround digestive system Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Phylum Cnidaria and Phylum Ctenophora
Radially symmetrical Diploblastic Acoelomate Forms a polyp (oral end up) and a medusa (oral end down) 2-way digestive system Have cnidocytes and nematocysts
Phylum Porifera
Asymmetrical
Contain choanocytes
Sessile filter feeders
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical Lophotrochozoan Acoelomate Flatworms Most monoecious Free living and parasitic Most have systems (tapeworms have no digestive system)
Phylum Rotifera
Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical Lophotrochozoan Pseudocoelomate Common in freshwater Full digestive system and excretory system Corona of cilia draws food into the body
Phylum Mollusca
Triploblastic
Bilaterally symmetrical
Lophotrochozoan
Coelomate
Mostly marine, some terrestrial (gastropods)
Have a visceral mass, foot, and mantle which may or may not secrete a shell
Full, 1 way digestive system
Some motile, some filter feeders
Cephalopods have highly developed nerves, senses and brains
Phylum Annelida
Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical Lophotrochozoan Coelomate Segmented worms (metameric segmentation)
Phylum Nematoda
Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical Ecdysozoan Pseudoscoelomate Roundworms 1-way digestive system Move by lateral annulations High distribution (nearly ubiquitous) Eat everything Free living and parasitic Contains C. elegans
Phylum Arthropoda
Triploblatic Bilaterally symmetrical Ecdysozoan Coelomate Jointed limbs Body divided into segments Exoskeleton Highly successful and diverse (>80% described animal species) Have systems (circulatory, digestive, excretory, nervous, etc.)
Phylum Echinodermata
Deuterostome Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical as larvae Radially symmetrical (Pentaradial) as adults Coelomate Have a water-vascular system and tube feet Move using hydraulics Use sexual and asexual reproduction
Phylum Chordata
Deuterostome Triploblastic Bilaterally symmetrical Coelomate 3 subphyla that share 4 characteristics -Notochord (flexible, allows movement, disappears in vertebrates) -Dorsal hollow nerve cord (forms the CNS -Pharyngeal gills slits (filtration, used for feeding and breathing) -Segmented muscle a post anal tail
Subphylum Urochordata
Invertebrate
Notochord extends through tail, not head (no real head as adults)
Sessile, marine filter feeders
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Invertebrate
Notochord extends into the head (exists throughout lifetime)
Mobile, but most are filter feeders
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrates
Comprised of some of the largest animals on earth
Notochord replaced by vertebral column which houses DHNC
Loses pharyngeal gill slits and retains muscle
Opisthokonts
Fungi, choanoflagellates and animals
Flattened cristae in mitochondria
Animals
Multicellular eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Gap, tight, septate junctions between cells No cell wall Mobile (at some life stages) ATP by oxidative phosphorylation Sense and respond to environment Diploid stage is dominant Extracellular matrix secretions (proteoglycan and collagen)
Archeoplastida
Land plants, red and green algae
Cells contain plastids
Plants
Multicellular eukaryotes photoautotrophic (photosynthetic) Sessile Alternation of Generations life cycles Cells walls (cell walls have plasmodesmata)
