Theme 1a Population dynamics Flashcards
(10 cards)
Reasons for recent rapid population growth (population explosion)
- Improved medical care (vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, new drugs, scientific inventions)
- Improved sanitation and water supply
- Improvements in food production (quality and quantity)
- Improved transport - moving food, doctors,…
- Decrease in child mortality
Origins of HIV/AIDS
HIV 1 - arose in Central Africa
HIV 2 - arose in West Africa
Brief description of HIV
- Mostly occurs in women
- When women give birth, they infect the child as well resulting in low death rate for infants
- Death rate of mothers results in a higher orphan generation (year 2000, 600000 orphans)
=> Due to countries being poor, there is a lack in state welfare
=> Resulting in poverty and lack of education
High death rates in LEDCs are caused by ?
- Poor health care, few hospitals, doctors, nurses and clinics
- Poor sanitation, hygiene or lack of toilets and dirty places
- Poor access to safe/clean water leads to waterborne diseases
- Limited food supplies result in malnutrition and starvation
- HIV/AIDS
- Natural disaster/drought/floods
Birth rates are low in MEDCs because ?
- Availability of contraception/abortion/ family planning
- Well educated population (family planning/contraception
- Women have careers and are educated
- Traditionally small families
- Expense of bringing up children
- Availability of pensions => don’t need children to look after in old age
Population distribution and density factors
- Human: better housing opportunities, education, health, entertainment, retirement areas
- Physical: relief (for farming, defence) , climate, water supply, resources
- Economic: ports, transport links, industrial areas, tourist areas, money available for high-tech industries
How to calculate dependency ratio
Dependency ratio= non-economically active / economically active x 100%
Describe the population pyramid for an LIC country
Overall shape: pyramid => LIC & high DR
- Wide base => high/increasing BR
- Steep/concave sides => High DR
- Low and narrow top => Low life expectancy and high DR
- Less dependency since there are few old people and children have to work anyway
Describe the population pyramid for a HIC country
- Narrow base => low/decreasing BR
- Vertical/bulging sides => low DR
- High & wid top => long life expectancy and low DR
- Highest dependency ratio as there as working population has to support young and lots of old people
Describe the population pyramid for a MIC country
- Normal base => constant BR
- Wide/bulging middle => lots of economically active and experienced workers
- Low & narrow top => low life expectancy (still higher than LICs) and high DR
