Theme 3: Tectonic Landscapes and Hazards re-do

Question 1

What are the 4 main layers of earth?

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 2

What do convection currents do?

Answer 2

Move the tectonic plates.

Question 3

What are 4 features of oceanic plates?

Answer 3

Less than 200 million years old
dense
will subduct
can be melted

Question 4

What are 4 features of continental plates?

Answer 4

Over 1.5 billion years old
Less dense than oceanic plates
Will not subduct
Cannot be melted

Question 5

What happens at a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 5

Oceanic plates subducts when plates collide.

Question 6

What happens at a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 6

Plates move apart.

Question 7

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 7

Plates slide against each `other at different speeds/directions.

Question 8

What are 3 features/landforms of a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 8

Ocean trenches
Fold mountains
Violent earthquakes and volcanoes.

Question 9

What are 4 features/landforms of a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 9

Volcanoes formed
Less violent than destructive
New sea floor - mid-ocean ridges
Rift valleys

Question 10

What are 2 features/landforms of a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 10

Shockwaves form earthquakes

no volcanic eruptions

Question 11

What plate boundary are shield volcanoes found on?

Answer 11

Constructive.

Question 12

What are 4 features of shield volanoes?

Answer 12

Gentle slopes - lava is runny
No layers
less violent than strato
More frequent eruptions than strato

Question 13

What plate boundary are strato volcanoes found on?

Answer 13

Destructive.

Question 14

What are some features of strato volcanos?

Answer 14

Steep sides - viscous lava
Alternating layers of ash and lava
Violent eruptions
Less frequent eruptions than shield

Question 15

What is a caldera?

Answer 15

A large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.

Question 16

What are ash clouds?

Answer 16

Clouds of ash and dust that come out the top of volcanoes.

Question 17

What are lahars?

Answer 17

Flows of water, rock, ash, sand and mud that originate from the slopes of a volcano.

Question 18

What are lava flows?

Answer 18

Flows of molten rock that are extremely hot.

Question 19

What are pyroclastic flows?

Answer 19

High speed avalanches of hot ash, rock fragments and gas that are extremely hot.

Question 20

What are 3 problems ash clouds can cause?

Answer 20

Breathing problems
Contaminate water and crops
Disruption to climate and airlines

Question 21

What is liquefaction?

Answer 21

When the ground starts to act like liquid (as water is forced to the surface).

Question 22

What is a tsunami?

Answer 22

A giant wave produced by underwater earthquakes.

Question 23

What is ground movement?

Answer 23

The shaking of the ground caused by the energy from the earthquake.

Question 24

What can ground shaking affect? (4)

Answer 24

Damage to buildings
Disrupt habitats
Blocking roads
Burst gas lines - fire

Question 25

What 4 factors can make areas more vulnerable to earthquakes/natural diasters?

Answer 25

Wealth Education Emergency services Population density

Question 26

How can wealth effect an area's vulnerability to an earthquake?

Answer 26

HICs=Hazard proof buildings, warning systems. | LICs=No preventions to earthquake.

Question 27

How can education effect an area's vulnerability to an earthquake?

Answer 27

Being educated allows people to respond effectively to the earthquake and be aware of the dangers. Evacuation is more effective.

Question 28

How can emergency services effect an area's vulnerability to an earthquake?

Answer 28

HICs=Trained professionals, well resourced. | LICs=No training or resources.

Question 29

How can population density effect an area's vulnerability to an earthquake?

Answer 29

More people in one area= higher death rate. | In cities, high rise buildings may collapse.

Question 30

What do seismographs do?

Answer 30

Measure plate movement to detect if earthquake is coming.

Question 31

What do gas sensors do?

Answer 31

Detect gas that may have escaped crust when plates move.

Question 32

What does remote sensing do?

Answer 32

Creates a thermal image of volcanoes.

Question 33

What do tiltmeters do?

Answer 33

Detect changes in shape of volcano.

Question 34

What is hazard mapping?

Answer 34

Highlighting areas which are dangerous in an upcoming earthquake on a map.

Question 35

What does hazard mapping help with?

Answer 35

Knowing which areas are unsafe Planning evacuation Knowing to avoid building on exclusion zones

Question 36

What are 4 examples of emergency planning?

Answer 36

Exclusion zones Packed survival kits in homes Evacuation routes Public education

Question 37

What are earthquake-proof buildings designed to do?

Answer 37

Absorb and redistribute the energy from an earthquake.

Question 38

What are 4 examples of earthquake-proof designs?

Answer 38

Steel frames - sway during movements Rubber shock absorbers in foundations Open areas - easy evacuation Safety glass- reduces injury