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Geography GCSE > Theme 5: Development and Resource Issues > Flashcards

Theme 5: Development and Resource Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 ways to measure the economic development of a country?

A

The GDP - gross domestic product

The GNI - gross national income

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2
Q

How does trade differ between HICs and LICs?

A

HICs - sell expensive products (crude oil)

LICs - sell cheap products (coffee beans)

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of development?

A

Economic
Social
Political

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4
Q

What are tariffs?

A

Taxes on imports - make foreign goods more expensive for the consumer.

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5
Q

Why do LICs stay in poverty?

A

Earn little from the cheap products.

Must import expensive products.

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6
Q

What are trade blocs?

A

A group of countries who have joined together to trade without barriers such as tariffs.
Cheaper and increased exports.
(EU)

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7
Q

What is mass tourism?

A

Lots of people visit the same place at the same time.

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8
Q

What are 4 reasons why tourism has increased?

A
  1. Improved transport - airlines
  2. Booking is easier - internet
  3. Longer life expectancies - more travel time
  4. Increase in disposable income
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9
Q

What is enclave tourism?

A

Tourists remain in one area which is easier as everything is provided in one spot.

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10
Q

What are 2 problems of enclave tourism?

A
  1. Less money to local economy

2. Money spent in enclaved area goes to HIC companies

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11
Q

What are 2 pros of tourism?

A
  1. More jobs - more money spent on local economy

2. More money from workers - taxes go to education + healthcare

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12
Q

What are 3 cons of tourism?

A
  1. Jobs are seasonal - Lack of employment/money for several months
  2. Local culture destroyed
  3. Increased pollution
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13
Q

What is aid?

A

Money and resources being given by a wealthy country to a poorer country.

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14
Q

What is short-term aid?

A

Commonly emergency aid (in natural disasters).

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15
Q

What is long-term aid?

A

Given over long period of time (to develop the country).

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16
Q

What is bilateral aid?

A

Aid from one country to another.

17
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

Aid from a number of countries to a poorer country.

18
Q

What is charitable aid?

A

Aid given by charities (Oxfam).

19
Q

What are 3 advantages of all aid?

A

Provides immediate help
Supports development of new jobs - helps economy
Long-term can improve quality of life

20
Q

What is a 3 disadvantages to all aid?

A

Creates dependency on HICs
Focuses only on urban areas
Some aid may not reach those who need it

21
Q

What is a bottom-up case study?

A

Malawi
Bilateral and long-term aid from Japan.
Soil erosion - lack of crops + deforestation=flooding.
They -
-Build barriers to slow water flow
-Supplied fast-growing trees - protect soil
-Educate locals on soil erosion

22
Q

What is the fair trade program?

A

Designed to ensure farmers/producers in LIC/NICs are given a guaranteed fair income.

23
Q

What are 3 benefits of fair trade?

A

Consistent wages
Prevents child labour
Provides improvement to local area

24
Q

What is regional inequality?

A

A difference in the standards of living and opportunities for work between regions

25
Q

What are 3 consequences of regional inequality?

A

Protests
Growth of extremist movements
Crime increases

26
Q

What is the UK’s regional inequality?

A

The North and South.

27
Q

What are 2 social factors of regional inequality in the UK?

A

More universities in South - more educated workers

More people and commuters near London - businesses set up there

28
Q

What is a economic factors to the UK’s regional inequality?

A

Good access to Europe in the South - easy trades

29
Q

What is a political factors to the UK’s regional inequality?

A

More HQs in south - more crucial decisions made here

30
Q

What are 4 consequences of the UK’s divide?

A

Health conditions poor in North
Life expectancy lower in North
House prices higher in South
Migration of the young from North-South (because of Unis)

31
Q

What are 3 national policies that try to reduce regional inequality in the UK?

A

Northern powerhouse proposal - used to attract more investors and jobs to North
Improving transport links - HS2
Relocation of major businesses

32
Q

What is an enterprise zone?

A

An area of a city in need of investment.

33
Q

What happens to companies which move to enterprise zones?

A

They pay less tax and receive additional help from government.

Geography GCSE (6 decks)

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