Theme 5: Development and Resource Issues Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are 2 ways to measure the economic development of a country?
The GDP - gross domestic product
The GNI - gross national income
How does trade differ between HICs and LICs?
HICs - sell expensive products (crude oil)
LICs - sell cheap products (coffee beans)
What are the 3 types of development?
Economic
Social
Political
What are tariffs?
Taxes on imports - make foreign goods more expensive for the consumer.
Why do LICs stay in poverty?
Earn little from the cheap products.
Must import expensive products.
What are trade blocs?
A group of countries who have joined together to trade without barriers such as tariffs.
Cheaper and increased exports.
(EU)
What is mass tourism?
Lots of people visit the same place at the same time.
What are 4 reasons why tourism has increased?
- Improved transport - airlines
- Booking is easier - internet
- Longer life expectancies - more travel time
- Increase in disposable income
What is enclave tourism?
Tourists remain in one area which is easier as everything is provided in one spot.
What are 2 problems of enclave tourism?
- Less money to local economy
2. Money spent in enclaved area goes to HIC companies
What are 2 pros of tourism?
- More jobs - more money spent on local economy
2. More money from workers - taxes go to education + healthcare
What are 3 cons of tourism?
- Jobs are seasonal - Lack of employment/money for several months
- Local culture destroyed
- Increased pollution
What is aid?
Money and resources being given by a wealthy country to a poorer country.
What is short-term aid?
Commonly emergency aid (in natural disasters).
What is long-term aid?
Given over long period of time (to develop the country).
What is bilateral aid?
Aid from one country to another.
What is multilateral aid?
Aid from a number of countries to a poorer country.
What is charitable aid?
Aid given by charities (Oxfam).
What are 3 advantages of all aid?
Provides immediate help
Supports development of new jobs - helps economy
Long-term can improve quality of life
What is a 3 disadvantages to all aid?
Creates dependency on HICs
Focuses only on urban areas
Some aid may not reach those who need it
What is a bottom-up case study?
Malawi
Bilateral and long-term aid from Japan.
Soil erosion - lack of crops + deforestation=flooding.
They -
-Build barriers to slow water flow
-Supplied fast-growing trees - protect soil
-Educate locals on soil erosion
What is the fair trade program?
Designed to ensure farmers/producers in LIC/NICs are given a guaranteed fair income.
What are 3 benefits of fair trade?
Consistent wages
Prevents child labour
Provides improvement to local area
What is regional inequality?
A difference in the standards of living and opportunities for work between regions
